Arc Welding Concept and Process

Arc weld Concept and ProcessArc dyers rocket is a cognitive process of the alliance join processes which contains-1 Arc conjoin processes (non consumable electrodes)Gas tungsten electric automobile cut dyers rocketPlasma crook weldAtomic hydrogen conjoin2 Arc conjoin processes (consumable electrodes) screened on the wholeoy emission weldSubmerged curtain c all(prenominal) conjoinGas metallic element kink joinFlux cored sparkle conjoinElectro gunslinger joinElectro slag join3 Electron lance weld4 Laser beam weldThe main idea of fusion join is the partial going and fusion of the join amid cardinal members and a filler metals may be drop.In the slew welding process, the lighting up enquired is obtained from electrical energy. An arc is produced between the catch on of the electrode and excogitate firearm to be welded, by victimisation an AC or a DC force play supply.Shield metal arc welding (SMAW) is 1 of the oldest, simplest, and most versatile joining processes. About 50% of on the whole industrial and maintenance welding menstruationly is performed by this process.The electric arc is generated by touching the tip of a cover electrode against the hold physical composition and withdrawing it fastnessily to a distance sufficient to maintain the arc. The take fire generated melts a portion of the electrode tip, its coating and the brutish metal in the immediate arc argona and this mixture forms the weld when it solidifies.Classification Of Arc WeldingThe arc welding classified into many instances employ in the industrial range each one have receiptss and defects different from the separate caseful, So that the substance ab personar select the required graphic symbol according to the requirements and the economy aspects. In the under figure we show for the classification of arc welding which appear in the industrial (3.1)Chart keySMAW shield metal arc weldingSAW submerged arc weldingTIG tungst en inert gas arc weldingMIG metal inert gas welding glove plasma arc weldingESW electro slag weldingThe above graph list for the figures of the arc welding which employ in the industrial fields.Advantages of arc welding in that respect are nigh characteristic for the arc welding rather than the another methods to joining metals which it array the advantages of the arc welding listed as be impoverishedStrong and tight joiningCost effectiveness ( arc welding have low capital and running costs)Simplicity of welded twist designFigure 3.2 arc welding usage in the industry(http//64.78.42.182/sweethaven/BldgConst/Welding/lessonmain.asp?lesNum=4modNum=1)Principals And DefinitionShield metal arc welding (SMAW) submit as process in which coalescence of metal produced by the incite which generated from the electric arc that it maintained between the tip of the consumable electrode and the base metal in the welding region. The contiguous figures show the circuit designd in the shield metal arc weldingPower planningThe shield arc welding index source provides perpetual actual (cc) it may be alternative on-line(prenominal) (Ac) or direct menstruation (DC) depending on the electrode being use, but the best welding usually used the direct real (DC) as agent supply for the circuit.The marrow of power required to welding process calculated from the relation(P= IV) Where I form the current V represent the voltagesIn the selection process for the power supply we notice that the voltage equal to constant value so that the current is the main parameters in the selection process which discussed in the next sectionCurrent SettingThe amount of current needed to melt the work piece and the electrode tip depends on several factors as s igniteh and position of the jointWork piece type and its thicknessElectrode type and its diameterIn facts most of welder select the current depending on the diameter of the used electrode which it measured from the inner section witho ut the coated diameter as showing in the below figureA basic pass of arc welding electrodes by Bruce Bauerleinhttp//www.metalweb new-sprung(prenominal)s.com/howto/weldrod.htmlhttp//www.weldershop.info/282/types-of-welding-electrodes/ElectrodeThe electrode used in (SMAW) process exist from metal rod coated in metal mixture called menstruate which gives off gases as it decomposes to prevent weld contamination , introduces deoxidizer to purify the weld , causes weld- protection slag and provides alloying elements to improve the weld feeling. there are ternion types from the electrode used in (SMAW) process which discussed below.Fast fill electrode this type from electrode designed to melt quickly so that the welding speed be maximized. This type used when we weld in the normal case in good welding so we can weld with broad(prenominal) speed so we use this electrode type.Fast freeze electrode this type from electrode designed to solidify quickly making welding in a mannequin of positions possible by preventing the weld pool from shifting.Intermediates electrodes the commonly used type and it intermediate in cardinal case melting and in freezing but if we weld with high speed with using this type we get poor quality so that this type is not suitable in case of high speed.The American welding society established system that used to point electrodes by using four or five digital number. cover electrodes made of mild vane or low alloy steel carry the symbol of (E) followed by their number. the first two . The first two or tierce digits of the number specify the tensile skill of the weld metal, in thousand pounds per square inch . The penultimate digit primarily identifies the welding positions permissible with the electrode, typically using the values 1 (normally fast-freeze electrodes, implying all position welding) and 2 (normally fast-fill electrodes, implying horizontal welding only). The welding current and type of electrode covering are specified by the last two digits together. compositors case for electrode serial numberE7018E indicates electrode70 indicates 70,000 psi tensile strength1 indicates use for welding in all positions8 indicates low hydrogen2. Cables there are two cables work cable which committed the base metal and the electrode cable which connected to the electrode one of them represent validating and the other represent the negative side this according to the mansion of the welding processWelding Trouble ShootingThis section discuss to the move shooting may faced it during the welding speed as1-Porosity sensitive cavities or holes resulting from gas pockets in weld metal.www.miller.com.pdfThe porosity in welding it may be caused by the smirchy on work piece and the corrective action to face it by Remove all grease, oil, moisture, rust, paint, coatings, slag, and dirt from work surface sooner welding.Excessive Spatter scattering of melt metal particles that cool to solid form near weld beadwork as sho wn in the below figure.www.miller.com.pdfThe main causes to excessive spatter is the current too high for electrode and it avoid by decrease current or select larger electrode.3- Distortion contraction of weld metal during welding that forces base metal to move.www.miller.com.pdfDistortion in the welding appear as result to excessive heat input. And there is many ways to reckon this problem asUse restraint (clamp) to hold base metal in positionMake tack welds along joint before starting welding unconscious process.Select lower amperage for electrode. emergence travel speedLack of Penetration shallow fusion between weld metal and base metal.www.miller.com.pdfThe lack of penetration appears as result for many causes as showing belowPossible causesCorrective actionImproper joint preparationMaterial too thick. Joint preparation and design must provide access to bottom of groove.Improper weld technique.1-Keep arc on leading edge of weld puddle.2-Reduce travel speed.Insufficient heat i nput.Increase amperage. Select larger electrode and increase amperageAdvantages Of Shield Metal Arc WeldingThe shield arc welding have main further that represent the advantages as belowStrong and tight joining rather than the other methodsCost effectiveness (have low capital and running cost)The arc welding Simplicity of welded structures designMay be mechanized and automated or manual in some dutyDisadvantages Of Arc WeldingThe using of the shield metal arc welding lead to some defects asInternal stresses, distortion and change for the microstructure in the weld region contract harmful effects as radiation and fumesApplication Of The Shield Arc WeldingThe arc welding it can be used in many applications asBuildings and bridges structuresAutomotive, ship and aircraft constructionsPipe linesTanks and vessels (2.2) signTo introduce what the signaling means and the different type of the polarity, first of all the project will show what is the difference between AC and DC?AC And DC Cur rentWhat Is The AC Current?It means alter current. In this current the electric charge flow periodically policy changes watchfulness. The electric charge in this case will move for instance retrospective then it will reverse the direction again to move forward, then backward then forward over and over again.The waveform for alter current is a sine wave. But sometimes in certain(prenominal) applications the waveform differs like square wave or triangular wave.Dc CurrentWhat Is The DC Current?It means direct current because the electric charge in direct current moves in a constant direction, and that is the difference between DC and AC. The DC could be produced by such sources like thermocouples, batteries and solar cells.We can use a rectifier which is a current-switching brass to obtain direct current from an alternating current. The concept of rectifier is containing electromechanical elements or electronic elements which allow current to flow only in one direction.AC And DC Welding MachinesThe welder or welding machine is the power source that we used in arc welding. There are three basic types of weldingmachines used now which are rectifiers, motor- generators and transformersMotor generator welding machines (direct current welding machines)The motor generator could be powered by diesel motor, electrical or gasoline motor. We can use the gasoline and diesel motors in places where the electricity is not available or hard to penetrate it like deserts. With these machines we could generate either direct or alternating current. There are new and old machine types of these machines, the older type require reversing the cable connections in order to change the polarity. But in the new machines you can change the polarity from welding in the direct current mode to alternating current mode by turning a switch.Theadvantages of a (dc) welding generatorThe main advantage of a direct-current (dc) welding generator is that you can weld with either reverse or immediately polarity.Almost we can weld all ferrous and non-ferrous metals.We can use DC in practically all welding operations so we can consider that DC is most universal in application.The sidetrack of generators like rectifier and transformer a sets is not affected by normal variations in power line voltage.Diesel driven generators form self-contained units.Disadvantages of a (dc) welding generatorThe initial cost is highThe machine operation is noisyThe maintenance cost is highAC transformers welding machinesThe static-transformer type is the arc welding machines that we used in alternating current. As shown in the figure 2.18The advantages of these types ofmachines are lightest, smallest and least expensive welders made. We can use 200, 300, and cd ampere ratings for manual operation in industrialapplications. But in light industrial, job/shop and garage welding we could use machines with a 150-ampere rating. These types of transforms fit with arc- stabilizing capacitors.Th e advantage of a (AC) transformer welding machineThe main advantage of (AC) transformer welding machine is the freedom from arc blow. The arc blow causes the arc to wander while you are using large coated electrodes or welding in corners on heavy metal. The arc blow a lot occurs when welding with direct current machines.PolarityWhat is the polarity?Polarity is the direction of the current flow in a circuit. There are two types of polarity reverse polarity and straight polarity. In the straight polarity the work piece is positive and the electrode is negative. The electrons move from the electrode to the work piece. In the reverse polarity the work- piece negative and the electrode is positive. The electrons move from the work piece to the electrode ac and dc current was briefly covered.The effect of polarityThe polarity affects the amount of heat which is going to the base metal. You can direct the amount of heat to where it is needed as per the application you working in by chang ing the polarity. If you postulate to direct the majority of heat toward the work piece, you must use straight polarity. That type of polarity being used in some welding situations when it is desirable to have more heat on the work piece because of its size to melt the base metal than the electrode. We can use straight polarity for all mild-steel, bare, or lightly coated electrodes. If you want to concentrate the heat on the electrode, you can use reverse polarity because in this type less heat is concentrated at the work piece which allow filler metal to cool faster, giving it great holding power because of this reverse polarity is being used when you are making vertical and overhead welds. Reverse polarity could be used in the welding of nonferrous metals such as bronze, aluminum and nickel.Heat alter ZoneHeat affected regularize definition.The heat affected zone (HAZ) represented by the area of base material subjected to the high heat in order to achieve the welding process. The area which subjected to change in its microstructure and mechanical properties. SMAW process give a highly heat engrossment in specified region called (fusion zone), produced in the region of heat affected zone. To calculated the amount of heat in the HAZ the following formula used.Q =60 VI / 1000SWhere Q = heat input (kj/mm), V = voltage (V), I = current (A), and S= welding speed (mm/ min). (2.10)The molten occur in the fusion region not in the heat affected zone. So that the HAZ modify to a high enough temperature for sufficient period that grain produce occurred. Heat affected zone is that location of the base metal which in it the mechanical properties and the microstructure have been affected by the heat of welding process.The heat affected zone is subjected to a complex thermal cycle (sudden alter followed by rapid cooling) in which all temperatures from the melting range of the metal down to much lower temperatures are involved and HAZ therefore consists of a series o f graded structures ringing the weld bead. HAZ usually contains a variety of microstructures different from the remaining part from the base metal.The width of HAZ varies according to the welding process and technique in arc welds it extends only a a couple of(prenominal) mm from the fusion boundary,The HAZ in most metal welding process of normal structure welded in one run with coated electrodes that to carve up it to four basic region.Classification And DesignationThe classification of electrodes is done by one of the three following categories1 Strength of the deposited weld metal2 Current (ac or dc)3 Types of coatingThe identification of electrodes is by numbers and letters as shown in the next table. Typical coated electrode dimensions are in the range of 150 to 460 mm (6 to 18 in.) in length, and 1.5 to 8 mm (1/16 to 5/16) in diameter.Specifications for electrodes and filler metals (including dimensional tolerances, quality control procedures, and processes) are publishe d by the American welding society (AWS) and the American national standards institute (ANSI). Some specifications appear in the aerospace materials specifications (AMS) by the society of automotive engineers (SAE). Electrodes are sold by cant over and are available in a wide variety of sizes and specifications.Electrodes Types And ChoicesWhen the select of a suitable electrode is needed, many considerations are taken such asQuality of weldPenetrationUsed current whether AC or DCCrack resistant

Effect of Media Bias in Arab World on Palestinian Community

gist of Media stroke in Arab World on Palestinian CommunityResearch deviceGhaida AyeshProposed Research TopicThe Effect of Biased Media in the Arab World on the Palestinian Community.Research QuestionWhy Palestinians believe media even though there ar different cites with different opinions on the same paper?Introduction and PurposesIn September of 2013, there were billboards around Bethlehem city attracted my help saying Did you know a 3rd tower cancel on 9/11? and this sentence followed by a website to be check if someone interested of becharmting more(prenominal) than details, it was www.re believe911.org, I checked the website. It was altogether closely introducing facts rough what happened in the 11th September, 2001. And there was a documentary film video which presented by a conference of Arc tote upects Engineers who try to unveil the truth behind the fell of the World Trade Center Twin Towers on that twenty-four hour period, and the surprising social funct ion that there was a triad building fell on that day c all in alled the World Trade Center Building 7 that didnt hit by design and collapsed in free fall 7 hours afterward the twin towers collapsed, I didnt remember that on that day I heard ab place the existence of a third building and no news mentioned a story ab pop the third building. I wondered how could media hide verboten such(prenominal) a thing, wherefore did they do that especially the U.S media, who could control all the chief(prenominal) media networks around the word for not give notice (of)ing active the third tower, and why did the hearing believe them? patch reading several articles somewhat the issue trying to explore some facts, I realised that media reporting followed accusations by g all overnment authorities that pointed toward Al Qaeda as the host that carried out the attack on the United States and Osama bin Laden as leader of that sort out. Those news reports on the attack and the aftermath sha ped ordinaryopinion to support the war on terrorism.Other ways to influence unrestricted opinion include political advertising.Subsequently I realised that media plays the social occasion of the ultraviolet hand in this universe and controls the audiences minds in a strange way, so what exercises medias audiences believe what they hear or chink? Therefore, I plan to consider a research about the media reach in the Arab world, and my occasion of this research is to see how the news reporting nowadays by match concourses opinion toward whats going away on in the Arab world. And how the twisted media can control communitys political intellection? It ordain to a fault aim to tackle issues such as is media report or create news? Moreover who atomic number 18 the parties that control media in the Arab world?Background and MethodsIn order to get data for my research, start I testament read articles and researched conducted to a related topics, and will conduct a survey th at target under graduate university students in Bethlehem University, in addition a group of people who used to set in Cafs and surveil, read and listen to news, so this will enable me to gather pertinent information, ultimately giving me the necessary tools to be able to compare peoples perspectives about todays media, besides what is their relevance source of media, how their believe in media changed in the last years? Also to see if they make sure about the news they read before sharing it with new(prenominal)(a) people in social networks. Further, I will civilise for a focus group of university students with different political ciphers about whats going on in the Middle East, and during this focus group I will introduce different resources of media with different opinion specifically about the Syrian revolution because I have noticed that there are many conflicted opinions in the Palestinian community about it and cannot find group of people have the same political analy sis about whats going on there in Syria, and during the discussions that will arise I will observe how this group of people going to react and mark about the differences in media and opinions.I recognize surveys because using this tool will make me able to collect different opinions about media, and the creating of focus group is efficient to see immediate reaction and different opinions about media and this will give me information about what is the source of news that people pick out and trust, and how people evaluate the reliability of the reported news?I think about targeting university students and people who usually set in cafs to watch news when distributing the surveys and creating the focus group because these types of groups gathers people with different values and believes in one spot. And this will make the data I gather more efficient.Literature ReviewWatching news, reading newspaper or magazine, or listening to a radio station are one of the briny activities in ever y days life. And these media become part of culture. While reading about the media effect and impact on peoples opinion and beliefs I found that there are three main sociological perspectives on the role of media, the first called the Limited-effects opening (1940s-1950s) this theory supports the assurance that people has the control of their own excerptions and choose what to watch, what believe and what to not so the studies of the media influence showed that well- informed people relied more on personal experience, prior knowledge and their own reasoning unlike those who are less(prenominal)- informed ones. that for me there is a missing point in this theory that makes me discord with it, the point is that when someone wants to get some knowledge about something he looks for information through media, if not through media, he will subscribe other people for information and for sure these people didnt get this knowledge from nothing, they got it for example, from books, m agazines, TV or internet which all considered as media. And some other important thing is that this theory was created when the existence, availability and dominance of media was far less widespread which make it out dated (Entman 1994). The second theory is Class-dominant theory this theory follow the postulation that media is owned by a veniality elect who controls it, and this elite group is cooperating with each other as a result, they can control what people see or hear, in asset because the main source of income for media is advertising, when a big guild that finance massive advertising campaigns in media do something unethical this media protect the image of this company because it is not for her benefit to harm the image of the company because this will make the media lose a big source of income (Mills 1956). The third and final theory called Culturalist theory (1980s-1990s), this theory combined the other two theories and it believes that people move with media in a way so they create their own meanings out of the images and messages received form media, moreover this theory has two standpoints, the first is how audiences interact with media, and the other standpoint focuses on the producers of media. For the first standpoint because people choose what to watch, how much to watch and may choose to not watch studies make by sociologists and linguists found that audiences interpretation of what they choose to watch is based on their own knowledge and experience. Therefore, culturalist theorists claim that, while a few elite in large corporations may exert hearty control over what information media produces and distributes, personal perspective plays a more powerful role in how the audience members interpret those messages. (The Role and captivate of potful Media 2013). some(prenominal) reports and studies showed that the media can influence the audiences political view, and voting decision, for instance a occupy conducted in one of NBER wor king paper series, the study took the introduction of pull a fast one on newsworthiness into a cable market as a baptismal font to analyze its news reporting impact on the federal election, they placid data for 28 states in the United States of America. After that they compared the change in the Re existencean suffrage partake in between 1996 and 2000 for the towns that had adopted give News by 2000 with those that had not. And the result showed that cast off News had a significant impact on the 2000 elections. The entry of Fox News increased the Republican vote share in presidential elections by 0.4 to 0.7 shareage points, depending on the specification. Since Fox News in 2000 was available in about 35 percent of households, the impact of Fox News on the two-party vote share in 2000 is estimated to be 0.15 to 0.2 percentage points, 200,000 votes nation-wide. (DellaVigna and Kaplan 2006). Another study find that Fox News watchers were 50 percent more likely that viewers of o ther networks to believe (erroneously) that weapons of mass destruction were found in Iraq. (Steven, Ramsay and Lewis 2003). These statistics raised in my mind why did people believe median in such a topic? Is it because it represents their inner affiliation? Or because the way it is presented is climax straight to the point that interest them? Or is it all about the believability that a channel may be having? These are another minor questions of what I am looking for, and may lead me to study the case through some focus groups with different affiliation.In addition other studies found that over 70 percent of Americans believe that there is a great deal or a fair amount of media bias in news coverage (Pew 2004). Evidence of bias ranges from the topic choice of the New York Times (Puglisi 2006) to the choice of think-tanks that the media refer to (Groseclose and Milyo 2005). Media bias was even more prevalent in the late 19th and early 20th degree centigrade (Gentzkow 2006).There i s another theory addressed by Dr. Max McCombs and Dr. Donald Shaw, which is Agenda- scenery Theory it describes the powerful influence of media by telling what issues are important, they came out with this theory by studying the influence of media on the 1968 presidential election, the study titled 1968 Chapel HillStudy, the conclusion of this study is that the mass media exerted a significant influence on what voters considered to be the major issues of the campaign. (McCombs and Shaw 1972).Biased Media The media is biased whenever it provides finagle images or out of context facts to support a certain viewpoint. The media is also biased whenever it framing issues of eventer on a certain way to shammer the facts. Many scholars argue that framing can actually decide how we view a situation. (Kuypers 2002). A biased media affects the publics understanding of current events and issues without giving the public all the facts. Opinions based on biased information are not usually the same as opinions based on neutral information. So for the public to make informed decisions on issues and politics, they must be given neutral information. (Kelly and Pax 2004)As shown, media has powerful impact on peoples beliefs, and is controlled by group of people, furthermore there is agreement about the existence of biased media, and most of studies are conducted in western areas. That is why the current research study will be aimed to find out why people in the Arab world, from Palestine, in Bethlehem believe what media reports.Limitationregrettably I will not be able to collect audiences interaction with the reported news about whats going on in the Arab world specially about what so called the Arabs Spring because I have no access to audiences from other countries. In addition I cant get statistics about what are the news media people in the Arab world watch, read or listen. As a result I am limited to Bethlehem University undergraduate students only. Because of that, I wi ll be restricted to only normal audiences in the Palestinian community. In addition, there is no available technology for media that give statistics about what people watch on TV. And what are the main news TV channels they watch such as Nielsen technology.BibliographyDellaVigna, Stefano, and Ethan Kaplan. 2006. The FOX News Effect Media Bias and Voting. NBER Working Paper, Cambridge, MA NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH.Entman, Robert M. 1994. Reopening the baleful Box Toward a Limited Effects Theory. Political Communication 11 (3) 313 314.Gentzkow, Matthew. 2006. Television and Voter Turnout. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 931-972.Groseclose, Tim, and Jeffrey Milyo. 2005. A sum of Media Bias. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 1191-1237.Kelly, and Pax. 2004. Think on Journalism. July 1. Accessed January 27, 2014. http//www.jour.unr.edu/think/bias.html.Kuypers, Jim A. 2002. atmospheric pressure Bias and Politics How the Media Frame Conoversial Issues. London Praeger.McCo mbs, Maxwell E., and Donald L. Shaw. 1972. The Agenda-Setting Function of Mass Media. The Public Opinion Quarterly (American Association for Public Opinion Research) 36 (2) 176-187. http//www.jstor.org/stable/2747787.Mills, C. Wright. 1956. The Power Elite. Oxford Oxford University Press.2004. NEWS AUDIENCES INCREASINGLY POLITICIZED. Study, Washington, D.C. PEW RESEARCH condense FOR THE PEOPLE AND THE PRESS.Puglisi, Riccardo. 2006. BEING THE NEW YORK TIMES THE POLITICAL BEHAVIOUR OF A NEWSPAPER. http//eprints.lse.ac.uk/. April. Accessed January 26, 2014. http//eprints.lse.ac.uk/19292/1/Being_the_new_york_times.pdf.Steven, Kull, Clay Ramsay, and Evan Lewis. 2003. Misperceptions, The Media, And The Iraq. Political Science Quarterly 118 569-598.2013. The Role and Influence of Mass Media. CliffNotes. May 7. Accessed January 27, 2014. http//www.cliffsnotes.com/sciences/sociology/contemporary-mass-media/the-role-and-influence-of-mass-media.

Analyzing Loneliness In Of Mice And Men English Literature Essay

Analyzing Loneliness In Of Mice And custody English Literature EssayJohn Steinbeck portrays in his impertinentette Of Mice and Men the theme of loneliness. In the novelette Of Mice and Men, Steinbeck writes about the Great clinical depression and how two friends, Lennie and George, stay together through this tough time. They go from township to town and work on ranches, always staying together. This new mystifyn in California they stumble upon seems want a good fit, even so Lennie creates problems and terminates their chances of natural selection there.George and Lennie defend an interesting and strong relationship for the time period in which they live. Lennie and George have a parent to child type of relationship. Lennie, being the mere(a) of the two, does non have the mental capacity to make decisions for himself. George shows the parental posture and creates the most safe conditions for the both of them to live and work. While this makes their lodge stronger, it as nearly creates tension when big decisions come into play. George constantly sticks his neck out for Lennie and makes animateness easier on him by taking the blame for problems well as calculate out the tough situations they are frame in in. When Lennie crushes Curleys hand, they risk being fired. slenderize negotiates with Curley aftermoster this accident to not tell anyone about what happened or else well tell everbody , an then will you get the laugh. (64). The people working on board George and Lennie recognize this and end up sticking up for them when trouble comes along. The grace that George and Lennie express towards each other rubs off on the people that peal them and kept them out of trouble. George create a stable living environs for Lennie while he could not do so for himself. While George could have abandoned Lennie, gone on his way and become successful and not had many more problems, however he chooses to stay beside Lennie for the reason that Lennie need Ge orge to survive. The love between the two creates a strong bond and a loyalty that does not end when George makes the ultimate sacrifice for his friend and saves him from the agony of lynching.Not ein truthone has a companion like Lennie throughout this story. In Steinbecks novel, glass, an old, frail, spirited man who had worked on the ranch for years has only one companion, his bob. glaze and his dog share similar characteristics. They are both elderly, and neither of them very useful on the farm anymore due to age and deformity. Candy and his dogs relationship parallels that of George and Lennie both have a dominant leader, and both have the compassion and love for each other. Candy finds himself emotionally broken erst his only friend, and only real purpose in life dies. He cannot bring himself to shoot his dog since to him, it is his best friend. Carlson however, has no problem with violent death the dog, Carlson shows a fierce attitude when he says If you want me to, Il l put the old devil out of his misery. Right now and get it all over with. Aint nothing left for him. Cant eat, cant see, cant even strait without hurtin. (47).Carlson shows that he doesnt have a care in the world, and doesnt know what its like to care about someone enough to want them around. This scene is where the knowledge of Lennie and George differs from Candy and his dog. Candy shows a more selfish look at friendship, where George sacrifices his best friend for the betterment of Lennie, Candy cannot bring himself to shoot his dog because he cannot bear to be alone. After his dog is gone however, he attaches himself to George and Lennies plan in order to gain some other companionship and meaning in his life. This part of the story ties into the theme of the American ambition and striving for something though it may seem out of said persons each. Having a friend along the way creates an easier path to go than going by themselves.Steinbeck stresses the need of meaningful fri endship through this knockoutship we call life. curiously in the setting the novella is placed, where on ranches people have no one but themselves, its necessary to have a friend to not go crazy with loneliness. Crooks, an African American who works on the ranch, is essentially an outcast, proving this statement when he says, A guys goes nuts if he aint got nobody. Dont make no difference who the guy is, longs he with you (73). People, like Crooks says, need someone to bawl out to or else insanity sets in. Other men depicted in Of Mice and Men show a selfishness that comes with loneliness, as well as a neediness of sensitivity. Steinbeck based the title off of a poem, which says The best-laid plans of mice and men/Gang aft agley (often go wrong)/And leave us naught but grief and inconvenience/For promised joy. This statement is proved over and over again in the text, shown when George makes the hard decision to terminate Lennies life for the better, thought it was not part of t heir great(p) American Dream and how Crooks has a strong desire for a friend, however has isolated himself because of common belief. Life altering decisions effect the future and peoples desires, departure the people in this novella lonely, depressed, and in need of friendship, the small dart of hope that George and Lennie bring when they come to the ranch discontinues the loneliness momentarily.Steinbeck demonstrates in his novel Of Mice and Men the struggle of maintaining a close friendship and how unusual companionships last makes life easier. He proves that George and Lennies unusual friendship helped both Lennie and George maintain the magisterial thought of best friends. He shows that even the smallest of companions, such as a dog, can give a needed lapse in loneliness. that most of all, Steinbeck demonstrates how friendship gives hope in the future and optimism for what real friendship is. This idea relates not only to the Great Depression, but the need in every human b eing for some type of connection and companionship. It as well shows the struggle that comes with friendship, and the sacrifices needed to be made for a true friend.

Comparison Of Olympic And Paralympic Games

Comparison Of sur walking And Paralympic GamesCommonwealth, World Cup, English Premier League ar shimmers government issue that is rattling popular. Besidiethylstil lift outerol completely those events, the majestics and Paralympics ar ane of the most well-known uncontaminating events in the world now. Everybody knows about Olympics and Paralympics.The background of Olympics is founded by a five-year-old Frenchmen named Pierre de Coubertin. In 1890, he organized and founded a cheers organization, Union des Socits Francaises de Sports Athltiques (USFSA). Two years later, Coubertin first pitched his thought process to revive the Olympic Games. (Jennifer Rosenberg 2010)Besides that, the background of Paralympics is the first Paralympics Games were held in Rome, Italy, in 1960 and involved 400 athletes from 23 countries. Originally scarce(prenominal) wheelchair athletes were invited to compete. Since that meter, the Paralympics Games rescue full-grown dramatically. (His tory of the Paralympics Movement, online)Both the Olympics and Paralympics nurture some interesting identicalities and differences in terms o the criteria, time of event, bizs short-change, rules of seconds and military mission and sight.Both athletes in the Olympics and Paralympics need to be matter pseuds of their own countries and meet the takements set by the Olympics organization in effect to act in these events. However, besides this basic requirement, twain the Olympics and Paralympics have former(a) requirements that argon very divers(prenominal).For the Olympics, qualified athlete essential at least meet the minimum requirement set by the Olympics organization in order to participate in the Olympics adventure, which is at least a national athlete. And they argon all usually train in the young age. For example, gymnastic exercise and new(prenominal) acrobatic events, kids as young as 4 foot be selected for elite programs to prepare for the Olympics game. However, sports like wrestling or ro boostg, adults bodies are indispensable to really excel, so intense training usually starts almost high school. . (10 Steps to Become an Olympic Athlete 2010, online)Youth athletes require a lot of intense training all the time, and competing with all the subordinate level, year around. And for the athletes who are outstanding bequeath go on to careers as adults and represent their country and take part in Olympics game.Eventually, athletes that perform the best track time from their own country, or got titles in the junior level, or got the best records among all the college or universities, etc may qualify for entrance into the Olympic trials. And lastly, if they place high enough in the trial, they may be selected for the team. Furthermore, Olympics game is open to all age. The oldest Olympic medalist was 72 years old.For Paralympics kind of, in order to participate in Paralympics, according to Paralympic Game 2010, online, athletes must (prenominal) be with disabilities such as, cerebral palsy, spinal injuries, amputated limbs, visual impairments or some other mobility disability. And that is the only requirement that required entering in Paralympics game. Athletes that participate in Paralympics with disability but do not interfere with their ability to participate in the game are all welcome to join the Paralympics game.Paralympics competitors are classified based on their level of disability during the game. And all the participants must learn the requirements, the rules and regulations and in like manner the classification before the game.As usual, they are all selected in the national game before they participate in the Paralympics game. Thus, from the criteria above, these are the differences between these two events. And these are the different criteria of these two major sports games.2.2 succession of eventOlympics game is a major event which held every 4 years. However it is classified into 2 groups whi ch are overwinter game and pass game. Therefore, in another word, it is held every 2 years but 4 years at heart their respective games. For example, in the year of 2004, summer Olympics game was held in Athens, Greece. In the year of 2008, it was held in Beijing, China. For winter Olympic game, in the year of 2006, it was held in Turin, Italy. And in the year of 2010, winter Olympic game was held in Vancouver, Canada. (Jennifer Rosenberg 2010)As you nominate see from the example, Olympics game was held every 2 years. However, umteen of us only concern on the summer Olympics games but not the winter Olympics games.For Paralympics, it is similarly the kindred as Olympics game. And it usually held in a flash after the Olympic game.2. 3 Games PlayedThere are many different kinds of games compete in Olympics and Paralympics. Some of the games play are the aforementioned(prenominal) but just different ways of playacting. The similarities of games played for Olympics and Paralym pics is it is categorize as summer and winter games.As an example, the last Olympics which is 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China, in that location were a total of 28 summer sports. For Olympics Summer Games, categorized sports played on land and water sports. For sports played on land, thither is archery, athletics, badminton, basketball, boxing, cycling, fencing, football, handball, tennis, add-in tennis, volleyball, weightlifting, wrestling, judo, handball, and taekwondo. For water sports, there are swimming, diving, sailing, water polo, synchronized swimming. (Olympics Sports List 2007, online)Paralympics has also the games played in Olympics but the difference is the way of playing. For example instead of basketball, it is wheelchair basketball. Therefore, for Summer Sports Paralympics are archery, athletics, boccia, bowls, cycling, equestrian, football 5-a-Side, football 7-a-Side, goalball, Judo, powerlifting, rowing, sailing, shooting, swimming, table tennis, volleyball, wheelchair basketball, wheelchair dance sport, wheelchair fencing, wheelchair rugby and wheelchair tennis.Moreover, for winter Olympics games, it is categorized in a fewer categories which is Ice Sports, Alpine, ski and Snowboarding Events and Nordic Events. On the other side, Paralympics have only quartet winter sports which is alpine skiing, ice sledge hoc get wind, nordic skiing, and wheelchair curling. There are only two winter sports which is similar, another two is not played in Olympics winter games.In conclusion, Olympics and Paralympics sports have summer and winter games. Some of the games played are the same but different ways of playing.2.4 Rules of SportsThere are many kinds of sports in Olympics and Paralympics. Every sport has their own rules. There is a few reasons that why the rules are set. The first reason is to nonplus accepted that the competition between the athletes must be fair. Another reason is to make sure that no drugs are taken and cheating during the competition. All the rules must be followed by all the athletes strictly. There are a few examples of the rules of sports played in Olympics and Paralympics. Below are the examples of the rules of 3 similar games played in Olympics and Paralympics. Although the games are the same but the rules is different.2.4.1 BasketballFor Olympics, the first sport is basketball. In basketball, there are four quarters in to each one game. There are 10 minutes per quarter for the four quarters. later on the second quarter, there is a half time break. The half time break lasts 15 minutes long. By the end of the quarter, the score of both teams are the same, there forget be overtime. This overtime period is an excess period that lasts for 5 minutes. Besides that, in Olympic basketball, the referee can awards two low-down shots to a fouled faker if the team committing the foul has more than four fouls in the period. (Rules 2007, Online)For basketball in Paralympics, a player can wheel the c hair and bounce the ball, if the ball is picked up and primed(p) on the players lap, the player is only allowed to push twice before they shoot, pass or dribble the ball again. Besides that, a player lifting his or her legs to gain an advantage is given a technical foul. On an inbounds play, the na pulmonary tuberculosisous player is not allowed to go into the key area until the ball is transfer to the bounding player by the referee. (Wheelchair Basketball Rules 2005, online)2.4.2 RugbyFor Olympics, is rugby. In rugby, a player is allowed to carry, pass, kick and ground to score a point for the team. Rugby is also called as an end- govern invasion game. It means that each team focuses on gaining bullheadedness of the ball, taking it into the opponents territory, and placing it in the goal area or the end zone to get the score. There are two categories of players. First one is before which consist of 8 players and the second one is backs which consist of 7 players.( grassroots Rules of Rugby, online)For Paralympics, is wheelchair rugby, it is played by two teams of up to 12 players. Only 4 players from each team may be on the court at any time. For this game, girls and boys can be in the same team to play a game. The court of the wheelchair rugby is 28 meters long and 15 meters wide. The required court markings are a centre line and circle, a key area measuring 8 meters wide and 1.75 meters deep at each end of the court. The goal line is the section of the end line within the key. Players score by carrying the ball across the line. ( IWRF, online)2.4.3 VolleyballThe third sport is volleyball. For volleyball, a team scores a point by groundwork the ball on the opposite side of the court. In order to win the game, the team must win three sets of 25 points. Besides that, the four types of sanctions in volleyball. The first one is warning, second one is penalty, third one is expulsion and the last one is disqualified. Another common rule is the occlusion ru le. Blocking is when a team player attempts to reach higher than the pelf to intercept a ball, however as a rule only those players on the front line can attempt this play. Otherwise, there will be a penalty.( Volleyball Basic Rules, online)For sitting volleyball, the position of each player is determined and controlled by the position of their bottoms. Their hands and legs may double-dealing in the attack or free zone outside the court. The referees in sitting volleyball must stand to the sides of the court because of the height of the gelt and the players are in seated position. The referees official hand signal is nurture the upper hand and forearm positioned parallel to the floor and mirror visual sensation the lower hand and forearm.2. 5 Mission and Vision of Olympics and ParalympicsEvery Olympics and Paralympics, the missions and vision is different. As a example, the mission and vision for Beijing Olympics is ane World, One Dream. This mission and vision is to make the whole world to have the same target and same dream, in order to action the target and dream, they have to work together as one. This mission and vision is also use to motivate those athletes to work as hard as they can to achieve their target. (Beijing 2008, Online)For Paralympics, the mission and vision was To Enable Paralympics Athletes to Achieve Sporting Excellence and move and Excite the World. This mission and vision is to make those community who have a disable to gain their confident in doing stuffs. Some of the people who have a disable will give up because of what they are, so they will need this motivation to have their confident back so that they substance abuse feel that they are useless. (Vision Mission Values 2010, Online)For this coming Olympics and Paralympics in 2012, the mission and vision is to stage inspiration Olympics Games and Paralympics Games that capture the imagination of young people around the world and leave a lasting legacy. This mission and vision is to make the new generation to last the sports spirit. (London 2012 Vision for the Olympics 2010, Online)3.0 ConclusionIn conclusion, after comparing and contrast of the criteria, time of event, games played, rules of games and mission and vision of Olympics and Paralympics, there are similarities and differences between Olympics and Paralympics. For the criteria, Olympics and Paralympics has different criteria to achieve. Besides that, for the time for event is held is similar but the only difference is Paralympics is held only after Olympics. For the games played, there are some games is that same sports but just different ways of playing and the similarities is that both Olympics and Paralympics have summer and winter games. Moreover, the rules of the games are totally different although the game is the same. Finally, although both of these events is different but the mission and vision of these events is similar.Olympics and Paralympics are events that challenge athletes all around the world, able-bodied and disabled alike. It is truly an event that helps to ensure personal confidents, dignity and also countries name.

Relationship between SMC1A and Chromosome Related Disease

Relationship in the midst of SMC1A and Chromosome Related Disease1. IntroductionA1The Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes 1 alpha (SMC1A) cistron is located in Xp11.22-p11.21, consisting of 25 exons and 24 intron. SMC1A agent encoding a core subunit of the cohesin complex, which is essential to sister chromatid cohesion. SMC1, SMC3, SCC1 ( besides cognize as MDC1 and RAD21) and SCC3 (also known as SA2 and STAG2) subunits could interact with distributively early(a) and take a leak a ring-shaped cohesin complex 1-3. As is known, central component of the cohesin and condensin complexes ar required for conversion of interphase chromatin into mitotic-like condense chromosomes4. Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes (SMC) proteins ar core component of the cohesin and condensin complex and essential for chromosome condensation during DNA replica and chromatid segregation of the genome in all organisms. They are also involved in checkpoint responses and epigenetic silencing of ge ne saying5.Cornelia de Lange syndrome is a do momentantly developmental disorder with multisystem abnormalities including slow growth beforehand and after birth, characteristic facial features, upper extremity defects, hirsutism, gastroesophageal dysfunction and cognitive retardaion. The incidence is as high as one in 10,000 to 30,000 newborns. both sexes wee the same phenotypic variability. To date, the three genes, NIPBL, SMC1A, and SMC3 involving in chromosome function, gene dominion and double-stranded DNA repair, could cause CdLS when mutated6, 7. Six in ten of the probands with CdLS have heterozygous mutations in NIPBL gene, whereas 5% have mutations in SMC1A and SMC3 genes 6, 8. Eleven divers(prenominal) SMC1A mutations in 14 unrelated patients have been reported. all(prenominal) patients had a lowly to moderate CdLS phenotype 8-10.In several decades, we focus on the relationship between SMC1A and chromosome related genetic disease. In recent years, we name that SMC1 A may scam a key role in neoplasmigenesis. Sun. M et al. determined that the personal effects of SMC1A knockdown on the kiosk bout and apoptosis of lung adenocarcinoma carrels. The results indicated that SMC1A is a novel oncogene, which modulates lung cancer cells in their proliferation and migration capabilities through arresting cell cycle at G0/G1 phase and promoting apoptosis 11. The similar conclusion also was found in glioblastoma cells 12, 13. However, SMC1A functions as a novel oncogene in human prostatic gland gland gland cancer metastasis and progression has still not been reported.2. Materials and Methods2.1. persevering SamplesAll of the patient samples were obtained from the Urinary Surgery Department of impress Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China. This matter was approve by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, and the informed consents were acquired from all of the subjects.2.2. Reagents and antibodiesDMEM (cat no.12430-054 ), F12 (cat no. 21127022) and RPMI-1640(cat no. 11875-093) ordinary and fetal bovine serum (cat no. 10099-141) were purchased from GIO (Grand Island, NY). TRIzol Reagent was from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Giemsa was from Chemicon International (Temecula, CA). M-MLV Reverse (cat no. M5301)Transcription was purchased from Promega (Madison, WI, USA). Oligo-dT(18) was synthe sized by Sangon Biotech (Shanghai, China). Terra qPCR consider SYBR Premix (cat no. 638318) was from Takara (Otsu, Japan). Anti-SMC1A antibody (cat no. SAB4300451) was from Sigma-Aldrich (Munich, Germany). Mouse anti-GAPDH (cat no. sc-32233), Goat anti-Mouse immunoglobulin G (cat no. sc-32233) and goat anti-rabbit IgG (cat no. sc-2030) were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Texas, USA). All the other chemicals were of analytical grade.2.3. Cell cultureHuman embryonic kidney cells 293T, Human prostate cancer cell lines PC-3, DU145, LNCap, and 22RV1 were purchased from the Cell Bank of Type Culture prayer of Ch inese academy of Sciences (Shanghai, China). 293T were cultrued in DMEM containing 10%FBS. PC-3 and DU145 cells were maintained in F-12 forte supplemented with 10% FBS, 100U/ml penicillin and 100g/ml streptomycin. 22RV1 and LNCap cells were incubated with RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10% FBS, 100U/ml penicillin and 100g/ml streptomycin. LNCap cells were maintained in Corning Corning CellBIND Surface cell culture flasks (Corning, cat no. 3289) for a better attachment efficiency. All cells were cultured in a humidified incubator at 37oC under 5% carbon dioxide atmosphere and used for analysis during exponential phase of growth.2.4. ribonucleic acid interferenceThe synthesized 21-bp oligonucleotides encoding SMC1A-specific shRNA held the sequence 5-TAGGAGGTTCTTCTGAGTACA-3. The sequence of the negative make shRNA oligonucleotides was 5-TTCTCCGAACGTGTCACGT-3. The oligos were annealed and ligated into pH-L vector (Hollylab, Shanghai, China) through NheI/PacI to generate pH-Lv-shSMC1A a nd pH-Lv-shCon. The resulting constructs were confirmed by sequencing.2.5. Recombinant lentivirus TransductionPC-3 or DU145 cells were plated at 5104 cell/ easy in 6-well plates. After 24 h of culture, lentivirus recombinant encoding shRNA against SMC1A was added at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 50 into F-12 elemental medium. After 6h pensiveness, the cells were added with complete growth medium replacing the basic medium containing the lentivirus. Then, 5 days post-transfection, gene reporter (EGFP) expression was examined using fluorescent microscopy (Olympus, cat no. CKX41).2.6. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis of SMC1A messenger RNA expressionTotal RNA was extracted using TRIzol reagent according to the manufacturers instruction. 2g total RNA was used to synthesize the stolon strand of cDNA using M-MLV Reverse Transcriptase. sure-time PCR reactions using Terra qPCR air SYBR Premix were run on Takara TP800-Thermal Cycler DiceTM Real-Time System. The following primers were used SMC1A 5- AGCGAAAGGCAGAGATAATGG-3 and 5-GGTAGTCAAGAGGCAAGAAGG-3 -actin 5- GTGGACATCCGCAAAGAC-3 and 5-AAAGGGTGTAACGCAACTA-3. Thermal cycling condition were 1 min at 95C followed by 45 cycles of 95 C for 5 s, 60C for 20 s, read absorbance entertain at the extension stage. The data was study with Takara Thermal Dice Real Time System software Ver3.0. SMC1A relative mRNA trains was calculated using the 2-Ct method with normalization to -actin. And the conditions2.7. Western blot analysis of SMC1A protein expressionCells were washed twice with ice-cold PBS and suspended in cell lysis buffer (2% Mercaptoethanol, 20% Glycerol, 4% SDS in 100mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 6.8), and incubated for 15 min on ice. After centrifugation at 12,000 g for 15 min at 4oC, the supernatants were cool, and the protein content were measured using BCA protein assay kit. Equal amounts of protein were subjected to SDS-PAGE. After electrophoresis, blots were transferred onto PVDF membrane using a n electro-blotting apparatus (Tanon, Shanghai, China). The membrane was blocked with TBST buffer containing 5% fatless milk at room temperature for 1 h, and incubated with the primary antibodies in the pulley-block solution at 4oC overnight. After 3 washes with TBST buffer, the membrane was incubated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) -conjugated tributary antibody (15000) at room temperature for 1 h. The signals of detected proteins were visualized by throw ECL western blotting detection kit (thermo scientific, USA). GAPDH protein train was used as an immanent control to verify equal protein loading.2.8. MTT assayCell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay. exponential function growth phase cells were plated at a final concentration of 2000 cells/well in 96-well plates and cultured for five consecutive days. MTT (10l, 10mg/ml) was hence added, followed by incubation for another 4 hr at 37oC under humidified 5% CO2 atmosphere. The MTT was removed and addition of 150l DMSO. Op tical density (OD) of each well was measured at 490 nm using an ELx808 Absorbance Reader (Bio-Tek Instruments, USA).2.9. dependence formation assayCell growth and survival ability was also determined by the plate- addiction-formation assay. In brief, 200 transfected cells were plated in 6-well plates. Cells were cultured for 14 days at 37oC under humidified 5% CO2 atmosphere. Culture medium was changed at 3-day intervals. Afterward, cells were incubate in 4% paraformaldehyde for 30 min at room temperature. The colonies were stained with Giemsa for 15 min, then washed with ddH2O and air-dried. The number of colonies (50 cells/colony) was counted.2.10. Flowcytometry synopsisCell cycle distribution was assessed by propidium iodide (PI) staining. Briefly, the transfectedcells were harvested by trypsinization, centrifuged at 250 g for 5 min, washed twice with ice-cold PBS, and fixed in 70% ethanol at 4oC or -20oC for at least 1 h. Cells were collected and resuspended in PBS containing 100g/ml RNase A and 40g/ml PI, and then incubated at 4oC for 30 min, in dark. Cells were analyze by flow cytometry using a FACSCalibur flow cytometer (Becton-Dickinson, San Jose, CA). The character of the cells in sub-G1, G0/G1, S, and G2/M phases were analyzed using ModFit (Verity Software House, Maine, USA) software.2.11. Migration assayTo explore the effect of SMC1A in the migration of prostate cancer cells, 24-well transwell chamber with 8.0m decoct polycarbonate filter inserts (Corning, cat no. 3422) was performed. In the upper chamber of each transwell, cells were suspended in serum-free F-12 containing 0.2% BSA. And F-12 supplemented with 10% FBS was added in each lower chamber. Then, the inserts were incubated at a 37C, 5% CO2/95% air incubator for overnight and the cells that had not penetrated the filters were removed. The migrated cells attached to the bottom side were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 10 min and stained in0.1% crystal violet for 30 min, rinsed in PBS a nd examined under a bright-field microscope.2.12. Tumorigenesis assayThe influence of SMC1A shut away on the tumor development of prostate tumor in vivo was examined. DU145, DU145-Lv-shCon or DU145 Lv-shSMC1A at 5 106 per mouse were injected subcutaneously into 4 weeks old Balb/c nude mice (n = 10 per group, Shanghai Laboratory Animal Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China). The development and growth of solid tumors were monitored by measuring tumor size using a vernier caliper in a blind fashion every five days for a 27-days period. The tumor heap was calculated using a standard formula tumor meretriciousness (mm3) = width (mm)2length (mm)0.5. At the end of the experiment, all mice were sacrificed and individual tumor weights were measured using a electronic balance. All the animal experiments were approved by the Animal Care Committee of the Second Military medical checkup University.2.13. Statistical analysisThe statistical analyses were performed with Graphpad Prism 5. 0 software. The values are evince as the mean of at least three different experiments S.D. The results were analyzed by Students t-test, and P3. Results3.1. Expression of SMC1A in prostate cancer tissue and prostate cancer cells.To study the function of SMC1A in prostate cancer, we first analyzed its expression pattern in prostate cancer tissues. As shown in Fig 1A, SMC1A was strongly stained in prostate cancer tissue with a clear subcellular localization in the cytoplasm and nucleus of abnormal prostate epithelial cells. Then, the expression level of SMC1A was further analyzed by western blot, which showed that SMC1A was upregulated in prostate cancer tissues (Ca) compared to the adjacent normal tissues (N) (Fig 1B), implying a possible correlation between SMC1A and prostate cancer. To find a cell model for further investigation of SMC1As function in prostate cancer, we first analyzed the expression of SMC1A in four commonly used prostate cancer cell lines. Both WB and qPCR indic ated that SMC1A expressions were elevated in PC-3, DU145 and 22RV1 cells in comparison to the androgen-sensitive LNCap cells (Fig 1C and D), which had less aggressiveness than the other three cell lines. We also found that SMC1A expression level was negatively correlated to AR expression level (Fig 1C and E), suggesting that SMC1A might be correlated with the malignancy of prostate cancer and involved in AR signaling.3.2. Lentivirus-mediated knockdown of SMC1A in prostate cancer cells.As PC-3 and DU145 cells expressed more higher levels of SMC1A, they were used for further investigation. Both PC-3 and DU145 cells were untreated or transducated with Lv-shCon or Lv-shSMC1A. The transduction efficiencies were above 90% in both cells confirmed by fluorescent microscope (Fig 2A). WB analysis demonstrated that Lv-shSMC1A efficiently knocked down SMC1A expressions in PC-3 and Du145 cells (Fig B and C). Q-PCR results indicated that SMC1A was down-regulated more than 80% and 90% in PC-3 an d DU145cells respectively.3.3 Down-regulation of SMC1A inhibited cell proliferation in prostate cancer cells.After confirming the knocked down efficiency of SMC1A, PC-3 and DU145 cells were analyzed for cell growth rate with MTT assay. As shown in Fig 3A and E, cells transducted with Lv-shSMC1A displayed hold growth rate in comparison to the control or Lv-shCon transducted cells. The cells were then seeded onto 6-well plates for the analysis of colony formation ability. PC-3 and DU145 cells transducted with Lv-shSMC1A formed colonies with much smaller sizes compared to the control and Lv-shCon transducted cells (Fig 3B and F).The colonies formed in 6-well plates were photographed (Fig 3C and G), and counted (Fig 3D and H). The results suggested that both PC-3 and Du145 cells showed impaired colony formation abilities after SMC1A knockdown,indicating a pivotal role of SMC1A in regulation of prostate cancer cells proliferation.

College Admissions Essay: Why is Nothing Fascinating :: College Admissions Essays

I find the world a captivating place, and I want to meliorate understand m any of its different facets. Something I continu eachy ponder upon, though, is nothing. The topic of nothing, of not anything, completely enthralls me. In fact, Ive chosen the topic for my Senior Project.   In the counting wiz, zero represents nothing. If in that location could be two, or five, or any number, but there are none, there are zero. Yet, on a complete number line, zero is something. zero(a) has a dot on the line just like all the other numbers.   Last month, I had a discussion with my math teacher about the true numeric representation of nothing, the empty set, a numeral set without numbers, equations, variables, or anything at all in it. In stringently a numbers sense, I can fully grasp the concept.   However, in a general sense I simply cannot fathom the melodic theme of not anything. Im still scattered by something I read in a book as a child (I cant recall which one). In the book, nothingness was presented as the root of our universe. The author asked what else could possibly remain beyond the smallest of the small. It seems nothing else could.College Admissions Essay why is Nothing Fascinating College Admissions EssaysI find the world a fascinating place, and I want to better understand many of its different facets. Something I continually ponder upon, though, is nothing. The idea of nothing, of not anything, completely enthralls me. In fact, Ive chosen the topic for my Senior Project.   In the counting sense, zero represents nothing. If there could be two, or five, or any number, but there are none, there are zero. Yet, on a complete number line, zero is something. Zero has a dot on the line just like all the other numbers.   Last month, I had a discussion with my math teacher about the true mathematical representation of nothing, the empty set, a numerical set without numbers, equations, variables, or anything at all in it. In stric tly a numbers sense, I can fully grasp the concept.   However, in a general sense I simply cannot fathom the idea of not anything. Im still baffled by something I read in a book as a child (I cant recall which one). In the book, nothingness was presented as the foundation of our universe. The author asked what else could possibly remain beyond the smallest of the small. It seems nothing else could.

Holocaust and Rwanda Genocides Essay -- World History

Propaganda was an elaborate and inherent tool used extensively by Hitler and the Nazis as well as the Hutus during their terrorizing reign of Germany and throughout Europe and the Hutus horrific acts of genocide that happened because of a coming of deep ethnic tensions brewing over a century and thick political corruption. Not only was it used to promote and endorse the political party and its leaders extreme racist values but also to mask the despicable truths of what was to become known as the Holocaust and the Rwanda Genocides. Anti-Jewish measures and pogroms have taken dwelling numerous times throughout history, but neer to the extent and prosperity attained by the Third Reich. A clear reason for this take aim of success can be attributed significantly to the abundant amounts of misinformation released by the Nazis former to and during World War II. The degree of importance these common-swaying devices were to Hitler became particularly evident when he created the R eich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda, announcing a man by the build of Joseph Goebbels as the head. According to Doris Bergen author of War and Genocide Joseph Goebbels was responsible for and organized public book burnings which presented intimidating spectacles of Nazi force (Bergen, 66). In 1938 Herschel Grynszpan, 17 year old student, was thrown out of Germany. His parents were out raged and shot a German official. This provided a perfect excuse for a violent offend against Jews within Germany (Bergen, 87). One of the many forms of racist ideology that happened during the holocaust was the Kristallnacht. This name was also given by Joseph Goebbels. (Bergen, 90). During the Kristallnacht, Nazis were granted permission-and... ... living, just like the Nazis did to the Jews. It is so sad the other countries did non intervene with the preventable genocide. When the massacres started, President Clinton did not convene a singe meeting of his senior foreign form _or_ system of government advisers to discuss U. S. options for Rwanda. The U. S. did not deploy its technical assets to jam Rwandan hate radio and it did not lobby to have the genocidal Rwandan governments expelled from the UN. Instead Washington demanded the withdrawal of UN peacekeepers from Rwanda and then refused to authorize the deployment of UN reinforcements. (Power, 334). Only justice can make peace and stability possible. But justice only prevails when the truth is known. So it is up to distributively of us to make justice prevail by spreading fellowship and making the Rwanda Genocide known, so that atrocities like this can truly never again occur.

Essay --

One with dispositionWilliam Wordsworth wrote the poem I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud in the year of 1802 while he was walking home with his sister Dorothy, and they find and saw a patch of daffodils (http//writersalmanac.publicradio.org/). This poem deals with the interchange between world and nature, and then due to the comparison between the poet and the daffodils, the poet makes himself a piece or disassemble of nature. Furthermore, the daffodils are portrayed as heavenly and spiritual creatures who bound (l 6) which makes the poet become one as well. This symbolizes the poets minds fountain of ideas which repair him to write, and it leads to his minds rebirth. Hence, the poet uses figurative language and form to show the overflow of ideas and rebirth that is achieved through the transfer between man and nature.Wordsworth makes use of similes and personifications to stimulate an exchange between man and nature. To begin with, the poet utilizes the simile I wandered nongre garious as a pervert (l 1) to compare himself to a cloud. Due to the cloud existing as a part of nature, when he compares himself to it, he becomes a part of the natural world as well. The poet then personifies the daffodils with the assistance of the lyric crowd(l 3) and dancing (l 6). These terms are human attributes given to the daffodils, thus making the daffodils human. Furthermore, the poet uses these terms to construct a simile examine daffodils and humans. When these daffodils, which are now human, are compared to humans, which are a part of nature, they interchange positions. Therefore, through the usage of similes and personifications, Wordsworth exhibits an exchange between man and nature. hobby this exchange between man and nature,... ...would not be complete. This overlap, which completes the meaning, is an overflow of thoughts. Therefore, the couplets, twain being excessive and overlapping, symbolize an overflow of thoughts.The poem conveys a deuce-ace that unit es as one through the number of stanzas. In the first trey stanzas, the poet is wandering in nature and is experiencing the looker of nature. The stanzas, being three, and dealing with the beauty of nature that is said to be heavenly symbolizes the trinity between man, nature, and god. Furthermore, the stern stanza deals with the poets remembrance of nature on the couch. The tail stanza, being one, deals with the uniformity of both nature and heavenly into men. Hence, the first three stanzas symbolize the exchange between man and nature that leads to an exchange between man and god, and the fourth stanza symbolizes them becoming one in man.

Scarlet Letter : Importance Of Pearl :: essays research papers

In the book The crimson Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, a character is brought to life with a patchowrk of personality and her existance is whiz of amazing symbolism. Hawthorne introduces young Pearl Prynne. She is a bastard child who not only puts her unholy mother, Hester Prynne through much torment, but puts through funny farm the undercover man who fathered her.          Pearl affects Hester deeply in numerous instances passim the story. Hester head start decides to dress her daughter every in scarlet, the color of the scurrilous letter on her chest. During their adventures into the woods Pearl plays a game where she throws excellent flower spears at the A on her mothers chest and when each stalk hits its intention Pearl dances around gleefully, as if laughing at the fact of Hesters sin. Later, by the shore Pearl dons on herself an A made of seaweed and parades around infront of her mother joyful and pretending to be like Hester "Pearl took some eelgrass, and imitated , as dress hat she could, on her let bosom, the decoration, with which was so farmiliar on her mothers."(Hawthrone pg171)          Her father, Rev. Arthur Dimmsdale, whose identity is kept secret for most of the story, is tortured by the "elf-child" in many ways, but unconnected Hester, he has the priveleage of not living with her. When Arthur sees Pearl in the Governers hall for the first time truly, his heart is in pain. The conciousness of his sin starts to weigh down upon him. Dimmsdale macrocosm a clergymen, is constantly begging for forgiveness in the privacy of his own home, trying to rid himself of the sin, and clean his hands of Peal Prynne, the devil do child of Hester. Later in the book, Arthur is found, half mad, on the scaffold, where Hester stood just 7 years before. There Pearl sets in her hooks, asking questions that send Dimmsdale unfirm"Wilt thou Stand here with Mother and I, tomorrow midday?"inquiered Pearl."(Hawthorne148)     Pearl Prynne is a unique character, and as an authour, Hawthorne gives her many different hiddden symbols, all of which she was able to express with her fairy like childhood. "Pearl has for every lector some unreality too.

Comparing Aeneas from Aeneid and Gilgamesh from the Epic of Gilgamesh :: comparison compare contrast essays

Comparison of Aeneas from Aeneid and Gilgamesh from the Epic of Gilgamesh The dominant factor in an big is the heroic main character. This character often is the son of a god or goddess and is favored by the gods. Heroic characters are also everlastingly hounded by constant tragedy which drives them to fulfill their condemns. Most heroic characters are high in social status and share close contacts with the gods. each of these qualities of heroic characters show up in the characters of Aeneas from The Aeneid and Gilgamesh from the Epic of Gilgamesh. In this set ab bulge out I will compare and contrast the qualities and plights of both Aeneas and Gilgamesh. These two epic poem heroes share similar fates, yet are very different in personality. Gilgamesh was an arrogant tyrant of his city-state who was obsessed with increasing his own see and author while Aeneas was more aloof, letting the gods and the fates guide his actions in life. Aeneas acted as a perfect pawn of the go ds and was tossed around at their whims. Gilgamesh on the contrary took fate into his own hands and attempted to gain immortality by seeking out the immortals. Gilgamesh was a man who wanted more power than mortals were allowed and wanted his influence to be known forever. Aeneas simply wanted to fulfill the prophesy of invention Rome and making his Trojan followers happy. Out of the two heroes Gilgamesh was the wholeness who was most aggressive and pursued the more ambitious goal, though it was cardinal near impossible to achieve. Gilgamesh wanted to have a power that lone(prenominal) the gods possessed. He wanted to be immortal. Aeneas never sought such an unattainable task, and was not as determined as Gilgamesh was. Aeneas only had to find a place where the defeated Trojans could settle and found a new city. at once in the story he even had to be reminded of his destiny by the Jupiter when he was distracted by his love for Dido. The trials of Aeneas and Gilgamesh were very similar. Both guide tragic lives and suffered from the wrath of the gods. Aeneas witnessed his family die, his home city burned to the ground, and was victim to the goddess Junos plots throughout his fated journey to Italy. Gilgamesh had seen his best friend die from the gods vengeance and was emotionally crushed by it.

The Variations in Little Red Riding Hood Essay -- Fairy Tales Literatu

The Variations in Little Red Riding stumblebumFairy tales ar under attack in the United States from twain right- and left-oriented pressure groups. (Ravitch, 62-96) From the left, the charges include sexism, stereotyping, distortion, and anti-humanism. (Ravitch, 84) From the right, the charges include immorality and objections to the portrayal of violence, death, and the supernatural. In addition, more or less critics claim that the tales terrify their children. (Ravitch, 76). In The Language Police, Diane Ravitch claims that both groups understand the grandeur of putting pressure on state textbook adoption committees, and that, as a result of such pressure, most major publishers atomic number 18 hardly dropping the tales from the textbooks they sell to schools. (77-78) Thus parents who assume, or would prefer that, their children are breeding traditional justt tales in school may find themselves mistaken.The unassumingness of the question is itself a matter of bowl ove r, but the biggest problem with the current see is that a fairy tale is assumed to be a fairy tale in the sense that Dickenss A Tale of Two Cities is A Tale of Two Cities. Editors do make some changes in Dickenss text, but essentially what Dickens wrote is what he wrote. This is not the case, however, with fairy tales. There are several, perhaps dozens, of different versions of most of the best-know tales. To argue that tale A is effective or bad, moral or immoral, for children to read is thus comparable to create a house out of straw. One of the central tales in the debate is Little Red Riding poser, and Little Red Riding oaf is assumed to be Little Red Riding Hood. It isnt.There are apparently dozens of versions of this tale, but the best known are those by Charles Perra... .... 28, 2002. ProQuest Direct. Penn. Coll. Lib., Williamsport. 22 August 2004. <http//www.proquest.umi.com/pdqweb.Ravitch, Diane. The Language Police How Pressure Groups Restrict What Students Learn. N.Y. Alfred A. Knopf, 2003.Tatar, Maria. mangle with their Heads Fairy Tales and the Culture of Childhood. Princeton Princeton University Press, 1992.Weldon-Lasiter, Cynthia. Review of Little Red Riding Hood A Newfangled Fairy Tale. Book Links. 114 (Feb/Mar, 2002)11. . ProQuest Direct. Penn. Coll. Kib., Williamsport. 22 August 2004. <http//www.proquest.umi.com/pdqweb. Ziolkowski, Jan. M. A Fairy Tale from before Fairy Tales Egbert of Lieges De puella a lupellis seruata and the Medieval Background of Little Red Riding Hood. Speculum 673 (July 1992) 549-575. JSTOR. Penn. Coll. Kib., Williamsport. 23 July 2004. <http//www.jstor.org.

President Clintons New Directions Economic Plan :: essays research papers

President Clintons impudently Directions Economic Plan In 1992, America was under stinting trauma and uncertainty as a country. America had go through high unemployment, plumping deficits, high involution sends, low productivity gains and falling real final payment for clean Americans. After twelve years of national drift and economic decline, President Clinton charted a path to growth with the New Directions economic envision designed to create jobs, boost incomes, move our economy from consumption to investment, and undertake our deficit. His three-part economic strategy focused on three objectives fiscal agree, investment in education, health care, science and technology, and opening foreign markets. This strategy has helped promote the conditions for what is this instant the longest expansion in US history.Fiscal discipline set out to rid our economy of its deficit and get interest rates back down and investment up. In 1992, America experienced the highest dollar le vel in history--$290 billion deficit. In 1999, we had a figure surplus of $124 billionthe largest dollar surplus on interpret and the largest as a share of our economy since 1951. The National Debt should be eliminated by Y2015 if we check mark on track with this economic plan. Continuing the strategy has in knock over lowered interest rates that help ordinary Americans. It cut the terms of the total home mortgage, the price of the average car payment and the average college loan repayment. American engine room has moved in a naked as a jaybird direction, which has fostered economic growth. randomness Technology has helped transform the economy. Information Technology has make a crucial contribution to the new economy, helping fuel record growth, higher wages, and changes in the way business is done throughout the economy. Information Technology accounts for only 8% of the total jobs but has been responsible for more or less one-third of US economic growth. Wages in the In formation Technology industry are 77% higher than the private sector average wage. Declining Information technology prices have lowered the overall inflation rate by nearly one percentage point. Information Technology now accounts for nearly half of business investments. Adjusted for inflation, American companies invested three multiplication more in Information Technology in 1999 than in 1992.The Clinton-Gore administration has opened foreign markets for high tech goods, cracked down on foreign piracy and liberalized export controls on computers and telecommunications equipment. At the same cartridge clip negotiating over 270 trade agreements, including those involving high technology issues. By eliminating hundreds of programs, the investment in education and training has doubled.

Visions and Dreams in James Welch’s Fools Crow :: James Welch Fools Crow Essays

Visions and Dreams in James Welchs Fools CrowIn the novel Fools Crow, by James Welch, several characters beget visions and visions. The dreams are so realistic that they are a vision of whats to go on in the future. A lot of the visions and dreams become a message or some type of warning to the people so that they are witting of thing that are going to happen. Many of these dreams that the characters have affect them positively or in a disastrous way leading to misfortune.The starting time dream is a dream that White-Mans hound known as Fools Crow, has musical composition he is on the first raid against the Crows. He dreamt of a deposit within an enemy camp containing young in the raw girls. As unmatchable of the girls approached him, he began to awake. After his awaking, he felt that in his dream he wanted to approach the girl but knew that there was danger in her direction. He kept thinking that he should circulate yellow-bellied Kidney, their leader, of this dream but his father had told him that it was non wise to speak of your dreams to others. After the raid, xanthous Kidney did not return with the others. Several months later he returned to their homestead and began to tell of what had happened to him. He had entered the enemy camp and discovered the lodge of young naked girls. The girls were infected with the white scabs disease he had sexual contact with 1 of them and almost died. White Mans Dog felt horrible and blamed himself for what happened to Yellow Kidney. He thought to himself Why hadnt he told Yellow Kidney of his dream? much(prenominal) a dream would have been a sign of bad medication and they might have turned back (76).The second dream is a dream that Mik-api, the medicine human beings, has about the raven. The raven was a bird that had comprehend a cry of a four-legged creature named the wolverine. The wolverine had crossed through and through one of the Crows caged traps and could not escape. When the raven tried to fre e the wolverine, he was not of strength to succeed. He told Mik-api in his dream that he knew of White Mans Dog and the strength he pertained. It will take such a man to release our four-legged brother (52). Mik-api told White Mans Dog of this dream and he concur to find the wolverine and set him free.

foolear A Fool for a King in William Shakespeares King Lear Essay

A consume for a poof in ability Lear In Shakespeares play King Lear, the main character, King Lear, is presented as a respected and fibrous king. As the story progresses the king loses his power because of his declare stupidity and blindness. The tragedy of this play is shown chiefly through the actions of Lears daughters, which submit to Lears bout with insanity, and through the words of the Fool. At the beginning of the play, King Lear appears as a powerful and well- bedd ruler. He explains his intention to abdicate and destine his kingdom among his three daughters, giving the largest segment to the daughter who convinces him that she loves him most (Boyce 343). Goneril is the send-off to lie, Sir, I love you more than word can wield the way out / Dearer than eyesight, space, and liberty Beyond what can be valued, rich or rarified / No less than life, with grace, health, beauty, honor As untold as chela eer loved, or father found A love that makes breath poor, and speech unable. Beyond all manner of so much I love you. (I.i.56-63) Regan is the next to exaggerate her love, I am make / Of that same metal as my sister And prize me at her worth. In my true heart / I find she names my very consummation of love, Only she comes too short, that I profess / Myself an enemy to all early(a) joys Which the most precious square of sense possesses, / And find I am alone felicitate In your dear Highness love. (I.i.72-80) Finally, Cordelia speaks exclusively the faithfulness when she says, Unhappy that I am, I cannot heave / My heart into my mouth. I l... ...cted and powerful king to that of a regular man who, at times, seems to have no family. This takes him to the brink of despair and, at least, temporary insanity until he is bring through by his friend whom he had banished and his daughter whom he had disinherited. Not only is it a tragedy that Lear and Cordelia die at the end of the play, but in any case that so much pain and suffering wa s endured before a Fool enabled Lear to see that he had tragically misjudged the most important people in his life. The people he had rejected were the ones who truly loved him and tried to value him the people he treated so well were the ones from whom he undeniable to be protected. This error in judgment cost him everything. Works Cited Boyce, Charles. Shakespeare A to Z. New York Roundtable Press, 1990. Shakespeare, William. King Lear. New York Washington Square Press, 1957.

The Power of Media in the Digital Age Essay examples -- Exploratory Es

The occasion of Media in the Digital Age Across from my senescent high school, where erst a pool hall seduced us away from classes, there is in a flash a trendy bar and grill frequented by the recently-graduated. I visited this administration to reflect upon the nature of media, culture and what it means to be literate in the 21st century. The implications for teachers, libraries and society in general may be daunting, nevertheless they hint at excitement, likewise. There I was, an English major, a human of the book as it were, all ready to cast aspersions left, right and revolve about at these clearly illiterate, shallow young hipsters. Within sight of my old high school library, I was ready to join the crowd of experts and detract from the decay of our culture, the inevitable devolution to a monosyllabic, non- print bunch of depiction heads. This was culture at its lowest brow, with no concept of canonical value or the means to access them. Media shaped th ese minds and what a mess had been made. such doom and gloom scenarios are common enough. Fortunately, I paused and took a somewhat deeper look at what I was really seeing. The room featured eighter from Decatur television sets, three of them nearly theatre size, with no two featuring the very(prenominal) show. There were a few sporting events, CNN Headline innovatives on one, at least two different music videos, while a number of the sets were broadcasting an interactive trivia game played by patrons on small portable keyboards. Sprinkled throughout the bar were a miscellany of entertainment newspapers, some magazines and at least one person was interpretation a book in the relative solitude of a corner. community talked with others around them and interspers... ...the media-cultural soup around them to worry about what is media and culture. The question of literacy in the face of such change is still up in the job at this time, but is worthy of further discus sion. Digital media, however, continue to be the major shapers of the path of our culture. We can argue that the bus is going too fast, but we do not necessarily want to make this ceremony from behind in a cloud of dust at the stop. deeds Cited Ayer, Pico. History? Education? Zap Pow Cut. Echoes 12. Toronto Oxford UP. 2002 Burke, James. The Knowledge Web. New York Simon and Schuster. 1999 De Kerckhove, Derrick. The Skin of Culture. Toronto Somerville House. 1995 Manguel, Alberto. A History of Reading. New York Penguin Books. 1996 Postman, Neil. Technopoly. New York Vintage Books. 1993

New Internationalist Article Critique Essay -- article critiques, maga

With an exuberant title of SIZZZZLE, this article in the September 2006 edition in the issue 393 of the Internationalist Magazine, enunciates on the idea of advertising companies targeting children and young mass to produce a higher income. Quoting by a variety of known child psychologists and various marketing educators, Jonathan Williams illustrates advertising as exploiting an individuals insecurities, creating false needs and offering counterfeit solutions hence fostering dissatisfaction that leads to consumption. Williams states that children atomic number 18 particularly vulnerable to this type of manipulation. Manipulating adolescents into a consumer lifestyle at such a young age has devastating consequences for the environment through its extravagance and wastefulness, as advertisers have been recognizing the purchasing power and significant influence of children on their parents purchase. As aforementioned, Williamss theory is supported through a series of excerpts fr om advertisers and child psychologists as a source of pristine evidence. Containing factual information ...

pride and prejudice :: essays research papers

PRIDE AND PREJUDICE Jane Austen presents many themes in her brisk Pride and Prejudice. Some of these themes be relevant to todays society but no(prenominal) so much as the main themes pride and prejudice. There are two main themes because whizz ordinarily prefaces to another. Coincidentally these two themes generate up the title of the novel. Pride is something everybody should have. But not everybody should have to a fault much. The amount of pride that one has in himself/herself is one of the first things one is characterized by. When Elizabeth first met Mr. Darcy and for some time after, she perceived him to be conceited, as did everyone else of her family. Mr. Darcy was not well liked too well by the Bennets for this reason. Too much pride in ones self is too, present at the in todays society. This is usually linked to the wealth of a person. People who are wealthy move to have an over abundant amount pride. They like to brag or so their riches and show off what they have. Why do they do this? They do this to rub it in to the faces of inflict class society. Overwhelming pride is rightful(prenominal) not seen in Hollywood or big cities it is everywhere. Most ordinarily it is in schools. Some students tend to think it is fun to gloat virtually what they have, but this may lead to them being disliked by others. zippo wants to listen to a spoiled kid Pride can be a corking thing and it should be but it may lead to some cases of the second theme of the novel, prejudice. Prejudice is viewed in all places and in all forms. In Pride and Prejudice, Mr. Darcys pride leads to the Bennets, especially Elizabeths, prejudice toward him. This is because Mr. Darcy is so much wealthier than the Bennets and he lets them know. He shows much prejudice against people of lower societies. Elizabeth thinks of him as a handsome, but a too good, conceited, "Im too good for anybody," male. Even though she is attracted to him, she refuses his proposal due to h er prejudice toward him. He does not help in her saying "yes" when he tells her how he sees her and her family poor and unworthy. He even states that this proposal should probably not even be taking place due to these feelings.

Strategic Management: Many Schools of Thought :: managers, management, business,

Management plays a significant role in how business operates. Strategic management has improved tremendously the last forty years. The diversity of approaches to the theoretical and practical background of management has come up with versions of what is meant by such key words as management and organization. The academia views expressed in relation to management theories take a distinguishable role than that prescribed to managers. Though there are several cultivates of survey ten dictate the current thinking on outline. It ranges from the early detail of design and planning schools to the current cultural, learning and environmental Schools. The design school turns to examine Strategy formation as achieving and creating a match mingled with the internal strength, weakness and the external threats and opportunities of the firm. It was based on the formulation of schema from a deliberate process that was not formal nor informal, analytical nor intuitive. inside an era of dyna mic change, it was unable to keep up to the pace and at last further research started in trying to address its shortcomingsThe planning schoolAlongside the design school, the planning school grew in the strategic palm. It is quite similar to the design school but argued that the formulation process of strategy was formal. It was grounded on the systems theory of the social sciencesThe positioning schoolIn solarize Tzus The Art of War, meaning is given to strategy from a war machine point of view. Its the representation of his work that is applied in firms in industries and in the evolution of the value chain analysis and the game theories. sketch on military history and industrial organisational economies, its main theme was to analyse. Basically, its all about the facts and nothing but the fact. However, critics of this school contend that strategy is just positions through a formal way in which something is set in relation to its surroundingThe entrepreneurial schoolNot i n reality based on any discipline, some of its writings were borrowed from economics. Its strategic ideas was profoundly rooted in intuition, moving strategy to an entirely new field of not clearly expressed vision though the concept of a leader with a vision was making grounds at that time. The cognitive SchoolThis school of thought saw strategic development as a mental process. It seeks to find out what occurs in the mind of strategists from a psychological point of view. If the strategy models developed in the minds of people, can we line up to know how these minds function.

Use of Color in Toni Morrisons The Bluest Eye :: Bluest Eye Essays

Pauline saw the beauty of life done the colour in of her childhood mass South.  Her fondest memories were of purple berries, yellow lemonade, and that streak of green them june bugs do on the trees the night we left(p) carry out home.  All them colors was in me1.  Pauline and Cholly left the colors of the South when they moved North to Ohio to baffle their life together.  Through Cholly, Pauline hoped to find those colors of beauty that she left down home.              For a while she did find her colors, her beauty, in the eye of Cholly.  He released in her all the colors of life which were sealed down in her soul.  Everything about their early married life was described in vivid colors.  This was true even of her sexual experiences with him.   Everything was fine, ordered and beautiful in both Pauline and Chollys life until they moved  up North.         & nbsp    at one time they moved North everything changed.  The colors went out of Paulines life.  I missed my people.  I werent used to so much clear folks...Northern colored folk was unlike too2.  Cholly only became meaner and meaner and wanted to fight all of the time2.  He did not help the situation and contributed to his wifes dissatisfaction and disillusionment by not feeler home.  He found his satisfaction through other people, thus he neglected Pauline.             To make up for this neglect and her own insecurities, Pauline sought-after(a) comfort through movies.  Here she would sit and watch the perfect white world of Hollywood.  Here she would find her colors on the silver privateness.  She had a longing for these colors which was going to affect her life and the lives of her family until it destroys them, particularly Pecola.           & nbsp When Pecola was born, a major change occured in Paulines life.  According to Susan Willis, Adjectives become substantives, big(p) taste and color and making it possible for colors to trickle and flux and finally be internalized...3. She now wished to live her life like this, through the colors in herself.  Right after Pecola was born Cholly again began to repair attention to Pauline again the way he used to when they lived down South.  The only problem was that the colors had dimed in Pauline.      By working for a white family, she found her order and her colors again but not with the intensity that she once did.

Economic Condition :: Economics

sparing ConditionEconomy from anywhere it could be from the United States or til now fromthe UK it self. Can have a huge impact on the firm. The principal(prenominal)economical influences on a firm atomic number 18-1) Inflation2) change paces3) Unemployment4) rice beer rates1) inflationIn some things the impairment of them could go up. Its because prices inthings when time past generally goes up. For example a time piece following cubic yard today mite go up to 1050 in about a years time, Butthat is if they country no scratches and its in a perfect condition.2)Exchange orderExchange Rates is the rate of exchange between currencies in differentcountries for example. 1 is cost about $10 in Hong Kong.3)UnemploymentUnemployment is a amount of flock who are unemployed but are ordainingto work and that are rattling looking for work or that they can workbut they cant come across any. But it could be lots more reasons too.4)Interest rateInterest rate is the way that bank makes m whizzy. What they do is whenpeople compulsions money to debauch a house or a car they result need money sothey get loan from a bank. The bank will lend them money but they wanta repayment in a legitimate amount of time and they also want otheramount of money which is called interest. So for example if a personborrows 1000 to buy a car they mite have to pay anchor 1100 fend for tothe bank. So that is 10% on the interest rate.But people can also befit from interest rates too. Because if some oneor company puts their saving in a bank they will get interest from it.If they keep the money in a certain amount of time. Could be somethinglike half a year to a year. And the more you pay in the more you willget back from the bank.InflationInflation can have affects on businesses too and infra I have listedsome of the different types of inflation.1) Cost of raw worldly2) Sales will go d own3) Further consequences-* Reduce costs,* disgrace wages,* Dismiss some staff,* Eventually ba nkruptInterest rates (increase)Interest rates can have a affect on a company too. That shows anythingcan small can have a full-grown effect on a business. That why it is hard tohave your own business. Below I have listed different types ofinterest rates-* Firms cost of borrowing will increase also that means less seeming to invest in new equipment.* Consumers will spend less. A) because they are promote to save more so you get better interest rate.