Aronald Bennet Essay

Looking at the social comments Arnold Bennett crystalizes. Examine his use of verbiage and literary devices to become his point.In the tier news of the engagement Arnold Bennett makes several(prenominal) social comments. He uses different types of language and literary devices to convey his content to the contri andor. Throughout the bosh Arnold Bennett states the nature of the character Philips relationship with his fetch. As the tale progresses Arnold Bennett uses different techniques to convey Philips behavior and attitude towards his m separate. At the end of the boloney his message is sh accept to the indorser and from this point onwards my focus will be on Philips journey end-to-end the story, how he changes and his sudden realization of how indisposed he has inwardly treated his begetThe first signifi backt reciprocation in the story appears early in the first paragraph. The vocabulary use is preparing for me and it is a real crucial summons as it reveals Philips viewpoint towards his stick. The reader derriere infer immediately that Philip is appearing to be sarcastic or even patronizing. The word preparing is deliberately placed betwixt anatropous commas by the writer. This is an passing effective method of revealing to the reader Philips t champion of voice. It can be distinguishd that Philip is talking in a ghost of disrespect towards his produce and that he is certain(p) that his generate has no different plans which demur him. The text in itself is truly informative.It is employ to convey that Philips fret has weeny other activities to engage in other than preparing for him. Seeing as Philip is speech production closely his own suffer, even at this early stage in the story it is build that Philip is disrespectful towards her and seems to think negatively virtually her preparations for his arrival. The inverted commas alike carry the suggestion that Philip is non at in all surprise at his acquire for pr eparing for him. He might even be suggesting that his makes behavior is predict competent or even boring.In the tertiary paragraph Philips innate egotisticness discloses itself to the audience. The objurgate used by the writer to intro this was I was the only son of a leave. The word widow is non only to inform the reader of the passing away of Philips gravel but to imply that his experience was totally alone both(prenominal) in terms of family and in terms of social communications. Since his mother has no other person of any significance in her life- duration (according to Philip) he believes he is the top priority for his mother and that his mothers life revolves approximately him. He is not only stating the circumstance that his mother is alone but also that she could not possibly realise anyone else in her life. The evince all that my mother had is an ideal voice of writing to prove this. All instrument everything and as far as Philip was come to he was everythi ng to his mother and anything else in her life was secondary to him. As mentioned previously Philips selfishness is innate and this is because he is a product of his environment. Society at this time period would generally partake the same views as him if they were in a similar situation. In his eyeball he is acting in a conventional and very Jewish-Orthodox hu serviceman racener. Further on in the story at that place is a piece of text pen by Arnold Bennett which is constructed using descriptive language. It has an distinguished percentage in the story and it further develops the readers understanding of Philips attitude towards his mother. The quote is my circumstantial expound mother in her black silk and gold brooch The reader can instantaneously realise the fact that Philip is describing the physical appearance of his mother. In that time period and even in modern day clock when you ar asked to recognize your mother. Her appearance is not the kind of description you atomic number 18 likely to say. What you describe is her character and her personality.The reader can infer that Philips views his mother as an object or slave to him. He doesnt rank her life and doesnt appreciate her in the correct manner. In this quote Arnold Bennett uses one single simple word to great effect. The word my is used and it shows that Philip firmly believes that his mothers life revolves around him and that she is almost somewhat kind of possession reserved only for his personal use. Little and plump atomic number 18 2 run-in which hatful would rarely use to describe their mothers. This use of language further emphasizes Phillips innate selfishness and poor conduct towards his mother. in any case these words are disrespectful and negative so it is clear that Philip is selfish and hurtful toward his, mother and that he doesnt realize it at this point.Arnold Bennett uses a simile in the next paragraph. The excoriate he used this technique on was she hovered ar ound me, like a sea-gull round a steam. This can be instantly perceived by the reader as Philip analyzing the outward reaction of his mother to his presence. It shows the audience Philips supreme confidence in terms of how his status and character are seen so positive degreely by his mother and also how he thinks of his own importance. hovered around me shows the reader that Philip is sure of his mothers excitement and triumph as she is constantly coming close to him and video display her appreciation or gratitude that he has let to visit.The actual comparison was very informative virtually Philips attitude toward his mother. Like a sea-gull around a steamer is showing that Philip may be disgruntled by his mothers behavior. It is an unusual method of describing the event as it suggests that his mother is dun him or even frustrating him by her actions. Referring to his mother as a sea-gull around a steamboat harbors the suggestion that he is unhappy at her persistent movemen ts towards him and it also questions if he has any diverseness of respect for his mother at all. This type of comparison is certainly not conventional when talking about your own mother and although fraternity at the time may expression Arnold Bennetts use of language is slightly strong they would generally accord with his message as they are all products of the environment.Later on in the story Philip is shown to make even more assumptions about his mother when he says more excited than my arrival ordinarily made her. His firm beliefs are that his mother thinks that he is the most crucial part of her life and his life is the most important thing to his mother. We acquire already established these points and this are the reasons why he is suggesting that whenever he is visiting his mother she is filled with exuberate and excitement. On this particular occasion though, Philip senses and is in fact convinced that his mothers joy is even greater than when he usually visits. His i mmediate response to this was to not even consider that his mother may convey some positive or intriguing news of her own but that she may keep back got wind of my engagement.This once again reiterates Philips belief that his mother doesnt bugger off a life beyond him but it also introduces to the reader the excogitation that Philip is self engrossed. All he is thinking about is Agnes and how his mother has come to realize that he is engaged. All of this is a repetitive chain of events where Philip considers himself in a higher place everything and is immersed fully into his own private life. Another phrase which provides strong prove for this point is supper for three.When Philip realizes that the dinner table is organized for three people he yet again assumes that his mother could not possibly have anyone come at her request. So his explanation is Agnes must be coming. He is totally dismissive of the idea that his mother could have another important person in her life othe r than him. Immediately after this phrase Philip exclaims she hasnt breathed a word again this is further yard that he is totally consumed in his selfishness and that he believes his mother is again position his life as the priority. The exclamation mark in the phrase is very effective. It puts great emphasis on all the points above and it presents a clear and accessible message of Philips conduct to the reader.As we know later on the story Philip realises the nature of the relationship his mother is experiencing with Mr. Nixon. Prior to this though there are many cay events which take place and are world-shaking to the outcome of the story. Just onwards the arrival of Mr. Nixon, Philip was anticipating excitedly the arrival of Agnes. He was also very delight inwardly at his belief that his mother had concocted some sort of plan to unite him and Agnes. Previously he believed that Agnes and his mother have had no previous connections and he also vox populi that Agnes was stayin g in London. Philip says she had delightfully fibbed when referring to this fact.He was now convinced that Agnes and his mother are refer in a surprise reserved for him and it is clear that he is fully immersed in this direction of thought. It is almost as if he is looking at this situation through a tunnel where there is only one way, which in this case is a plan made between Agnes and his mother. Of mannikin the reader can quickly realise that Philips excitement is short lived. afterward trembling with expectation instead of Agnes greeting him at the door it was Mr. Nixon. Philip did not instantaneously express his frustration and annoyance at this new development. kinda he described a bit of background information about Mr. Nixon and revealed his wealth and prosperity.He also revealed that Mr. Nixon was his mothers trustee. He was completely unaware of the true nature of the relationship as he was blinded by the views shown by golf-club as a altogether at that time period. Philip was completely dismissing the fact that his mother could have a life involving anyone but him and he was also failing to acknowledge his mother as a fellow human world with the same businesss as him. Again society plays a role in this because at the time women were seen as inferior to men and reiterates that Philip is a product of his environment and was innate(p) into this method of thinking.After the arrival of Mr. Nixon, Philip expresses his anguish. He says not too wellspring please by this information for I wanted to talk confidentially to my mother From this sentence it becomes very apparent to the audience that Philip is not in a good mood as he wanted to see his mother about his engagement to Agnes. He still did not have any awareness about his mothers intentions as he was too absorbed in his own situation with Agnes. When Philip eventually thought about the purpose of the visit he did suspect something was going on. suspense something had gone upon with my mot hers affairs is the phrase used by Arnold Bennett to convey Philips suspicion. But of course instead of suspecting a relationship between his mother and Mr. Nixon he came to the conclusion that his mother was in some sort of financial arduousy.He believed that this is the only reason why a man would visit his widow mother. Even though he suspected his mother to be in financial difficulty he dismissed the conundrum by saying I could easily afford to keep my mother and a wife too. This sentence was carefully constructed by Arnold Bennett to show that Philip was the male playing the conventional stereotypical role of the provider and the withstander of female family members. The reader can see that society is the main exploit on the way that Philip acts and it is the reason for his behavior universe the way it is. As he has through on countless occasions previously Philip is again showing his selfishness toward his mother. I was still preoccupied in my engagement were Philips word s and they again showed how selfish and ignorant towards his mother he was being.For the majority of the story Philips poor attitudes and beliefs have been the main focus. Now however Philip is about to look into the truth about his mother and Mr. Nixon. The focus now will be on his sudden realization that he has been going along with societys stereotypical views and his treated his mother with such disregard. The other key points will be his reaction to the news and what he realises he has done wrong.When Philip first hears of the marriage proposal from Mr. Nixon he instantly is caught by surprise. This is recognizable due to Arnold Bennetts decision to give Philip a certain tone of voice and because of the language he selected. The first words spoken by Philip after auditory sense this surprising revelation were I was struck this plain told the reader of the obvious state of shock Philip was in after hearing this news. His tone of voice was easy to understand even without any punctuation mark surrounding the words. Philip says I stammered and this is clearly showing that he was finding it difficult to find the response to this piece of news and that his tone of voice sounded extremely surprised. At this point the audience cannot perceive whether Philip is pleased or unhappy at this news. But after an important section of writing written to display Mr. Nixons view on the matter it is clear that Philip is pleased with these developments.Just before Philip talks about his realizations that his views were incorrect and just before he expresses his joys on these new developments Arnold Bennett uses the technique of irony. The example of this is when Philip and Mr. Nixon use a similar phrase when discussing in which type of manner should their secrets be revealed. Philip verbalize you cant write even to your mother and Mr. Nixon says she couldnt have written like that. This was a very ironic development because throughout the story the writer has implied how Philip is a product of his environment and how he has undercover such an important fact from his mother.But now it is clear that both of these 2 people have been hiding secrets from each other due to the dictatorship of society and its strong influence on the actions of everyone. It is clear that Philip could also sense the irony of the situation. In fact it was a very important factor into his change of attitude as he realized that society had stopped him from fully appreciating his mother as a human being with her own personal life to lead. After considering this Philip then responded by laughing. I laughed His laugh was one of happiness and he was now at a stage where he grasped the concept that his mother was not created just for him and that she had other purposes in her life.The next stage was for Philip to reflect on his mistakes and to think about how his attitude should change. He says I never thought of my mother as a woman with a future. This epitomizes as a firm his pr evious attitude towards his mother. As far as he was concerned she was only needed by him and that she was of no use to anyone or anything else. This phrase also shows that he is speaking about the past times and that now he has differing views than he had previously. Philip also admits that he did not know she was desirable and that a man might desire her. He didnt consider the fact that his mother was just like him, Just a human being craving compassion and love.He thought of her as an object and a slave and only at this stage was he reflecting on how wrong he was. Previously he dismissed the concept that any man would even consider looking at his mother as she was a widow and was his to exploit and use. Lonely existence not all she had the right to demand from life at this particular stage Philip is showing empathy toward his mother. He is putting himself in that situation and is now actually thinking of her as an ordinary woman who deserves love and companionship as much as any other person. He now sees that she is not just his mother and she can be anything a wife a sister not just stuck in one role.What the reader can also perceive from the last paragraph is that Philips selfishness has deteriorated and he has changed rapidly. Philip says very clearly that he is abashed about his previous behavior. He says I was ashamed. This is the ultimate proofread to the reader that Philip is definitely aggrieved at his past actions and is looking to put them right. The word was is used in shape to covey that Philip was like this in the past but now he has changed. Another phrase Philip said was that I would not intrude my joys on her until the next morning. This was the first selfless act Philip has done for his mother throughout the story. He is now sacrificing abit of time to his mother so that she can enjoy a happy and joyous occasion in her life. Instead of trying to bulk large his mothers news he has kept quiet so his mother can allow herself to relax get composed and he will tell her his news the following day. This phrase also suggests that Philip understands that his mothers life does not revolve around him and other things could make her equally as happy and equally as pleased.The message of the story is represented as a full-length in the final sentence of the story. We live and learn. This is a sentence used to show that Philip is pleased with the fact that he was able to change his way of thinking and was able to finally change his views about his mother. It could also be a sentence used to try and influence society as a whole to change their way of thinking just as Philip did. The reader can infer from the last sentence that the writer himself is expressing his own views in order try and make the public notice quickly how they are actually behaving and how they should really conduct themselves. It is almost as if Arnold Bennett wants the reader to undergo their own sudden realization as to what is the truly correct way of be having and whether or not they should follow some of the trends society has created

Comparison and Contrast Uk and Russia

As two countries that have different cultures, economics, and politics, Russia and United acres have developed their own tuition systems respectively, which have their differences and in accredited circumstances similarities. In the paragraphs that follow, some major aspect of these go forth be covered. This essay pass on present the main structures of the facts of life systems in some(prenominal) countries and will comp atomic number 18 and contrast the two systems in terms of tour of taught subjects, the structure of reproductional activityal institutes and the ability to pursue higher education at the universities. I will consider both paid and free education.Pre-higher education Todays education system in Russia is federal and centralized. Currently, it consists of, pre-school education, primordial education, secondary education of 5 course of studys, full secondary education and higher education. Formal education is from the age of 7 till 18. The duration of the scho ol year is 34 weeks. Students are trained 5 to 6 days a week. In Russia, many types of secondary schools exist, such as common schools, lyceums, gymnasiums, etc. , and they discipline variety of different educational programs. In Russia, as in the UK, mystic and common schools are secern.Basic education lasts for 9 years (9 classes). It is completed by successfully eradicateing the GIA exam ( democracy Final Attestation). After finishing 9 classes students are thought to have acquired incomplete secondary education. At the eradicate of the 11th class students pass the RSE exam (Russian State Exam) and successful pass completed their secondary education. Students normally go to university from the age of 18 to do their academic item. A modern system of education in UK consists of proterozoic childhood education, primary education, secondary education and higher education.Across the country a free public education for all children between the ages of 5 to 16 years exists. The duration of the academic year at schools is 38 weeks. The year is divided into trimesters, which are separated by holidays summer (6 weeks), Christmas and Easter (2-3 weeks). A week break is provided in the mid of trimester. The working week lasts for 5 days. The school day usually lasts from 900 to 1530, with a dejeuner break in between. Although counterintuitive in UK paid schools are called public schools and free are called tell apart schools. stock-still for the purposes of this essay I will name chools which are paid clannish, which are free public. They take the primary school graduates with different levels of mental abilities. They were organized with the aim of creating equal opportunities for education. In grammar schools the child receives a general upper secondary education. The principle of differentiated curriculum serves as the basis of teaching at this type of schools. mellow School is completed by successfully passing the GCSE exams (General Certificate of collateral Education). _______________________________________________________________________________ (http//www. mpeloverseas. com/StudyAbroad/UK/UK-Education-System. aspx) Higher education Education in Russia is provided predominantly by the state and is regulated by the Ministry of Education and Science. Regional authorities regulate education within their jurisdictions in context of the prevailing framework of federal laws. Depending on the number of areas of study, students are divided into colleges, universities, academies and institutes. University graduates may have following qualifications bachelor, graduate, masters gunpoint in the relevant areas of training ( fussyization).Graduate who has successfully passed the final state affidavit by doing an accredited educational program in an accredited educational institute receives a transcript of his qualifications of his level of education. Russia is in the process of migrating from its tralatitious tertiary education model , incompatible with existing Western academic breaker points, to a modernized full stop structure in line with Bologna cover model. Russia had enacted a law that replaces the traditional five-year model of education with a two-tiered approach, to wit a four-year bachelors distributor point followed by a two-year of masters (Russian magistr) degree. even so, regardless of the changes made by the state, training methodology and the quantity of taught subjects have survived. In the runner two years of an undergraduate degree, all students regardless of their degree end up studying between 12 and 15 subjects. And on the third and fourth courses, it reduces to 3 to 5 subjects specifically targeting their chosen profession. moreover general education in Russia is free and is guaranteed by the constitution of the country. However there is also an option of paid education. Furthermore if a andidate has locomote short of the entry requirements of any particular university, the unive rsity commission may support him an opportunity to still study there, still on paid basis. In all public universities 80% of the seats are for free study, and just now 20% is for paid. All students who are studying for free get a stipend (study salary). The fellowship amount is dependent on the rating of the university. However Russian education for international students is only on paid for basis, but they have the opportunity to study free if they receive a special scholarship from the Russian state.It is conditional on passing an exam called RSE (Russian State Exam). There are also few private universities, which are chiffonier issue state diplomas. But often, due to low ratings in the alliance table and poorer quality of education, these universities are not popular. In Russia, a degree from a state university is valued higher than independent one, for the purposes of a next employment. Historically in UK, all undergraduate education outside the private University of Bucki ngham and BPP University College was largely state-financed, with a small contribution from top-up fees, however fees of up to ? ,000 per annum will be charged from October 2012 onwards2. - The typical first degree offered at slope universities is the bachelors degree, and usually lasts for three years. Many institutions now offer an undergraduate masters degree as a first degree, which typically lasts for four years. During a first degree students are known as undergraduates. The difference in fees between undergraduate and traditional postgraduate masters degrees (and the possibility of securing LEA funding for the former) makes pickings an undergraduate masters degree as a first degree a more attractive option.However the novelty of an undergraduate masters degrees means that the relative educational merit of it is currently unclear. 2 ( http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Education_in_EnglandFees) Some universities offer a half-time education, which typically lasts for two years and is tailored for those students who want to do their university degree but also wish to remain in employment. Regarding the number taught subjects, British universities concentrate most of their attention on subjects that are needed for ones profession. They are usually no more than -5 subjects and make up core of the degree. canvass and successfully passing these subjects is crucial for one to qualify in their degree. such system makes it possible for universities to prepare highly skilled workers. It helps for the graduates to be competitory in the labor market, as professional edge is crucial in todays era of globalization and migration of labor from around the world. unheeding of the differences and similarities of educational systems in the UK and Russia, education remains one of the most big aspects of the development of the country.

Illuminate and contrast with the main story line Essay

The Sub speckle Con boldnessr the signifi housece of the electric ray speckle and examine Shakespeargons striking use of it to illuminate and contrast with the main story quarter. Shakespeare uses the wedge shapeplot in umpteen modal values it two accents the main story line and reminds the reference of hydrogens tainted former(prenominal). The subplot service of processs to dramatise the joke through contrasting moods and figurehead from one ensure point to another, therefore this the play can be pay heedn on many levels.This alike helps to break a rounded attend of events, and through comedy, acts as a form of light relief from the tensity that the main plot provides, and in like manner gives the audience a soften sharpness into the contributions and what public view is on events. This gives his characters depth and credibleness be courting they are seen from contrastive perspectives. Through the subplot Shakespeare has in any case found a vehicle to show the story line in a simple way, and it gives everyone a character that they can relate to. This means that the plays are to a greater extent spellbinding and therefore appeal to a wider audience. The subplot helps Shakespeare to put across his message on many levels, while developing the characters and increasing the audiences cognition of the play. total h swallow up V was written at a cartridge holder where the slew of Britain were very undecided over loss to cont break and this served as a reminder of Britains courage and valour. The play was written for the purpose of conveyance of title a perfect monarch, and trying to create the same senti ment nigh Elizabeth I. Shakespeare excessively made the attempt to create a sense that champion is possible after disparity and it would therefore create a feeling of optimism among the people who saw the play. The characters that Shakespeare uses in the subplot are the piteouslife companions of henrys youth.They are mainly cowa rdly thiefs, who only go to war to steal yet we find out in a linguistic communication by the Boy that they are not talented thieves, as they betray things they attain stolen for less than they are worth They depart steal anything, and chew the fat it purchase. (III. 2) Later in the play, Bardolf is hung because he stole from a church. This action by the superpower helps him to remove himself, and prove that he has moved on from his sooner antics with this group of drunken thieves. Consequently this proves total heat to be a changed king, the subplot and its characters help to show Henry as a politically good and law-abiding king.This helps to dramatise the play as Henry is now seen as a pure and judgmental king who holds the law above friendship, through this he proves that he is not a tyrant. We also see this character peculiarity in Act One Scene two, when he is spoken to by the cut Ambassador who asks whether he can speak freely and go back the words of the Dauphin without fear of being killed for what he has said, Henry replies to this We are no Tyrant, but a Christian King (I. II) This shows how he respects that he is not above the law. He sees himself and motives to be a greatKing, he associates being a Tyrant as not being Christian, he throughout the play shows himself to be a Christian King. Although the common variation of Henry is that he is a support, modest, focuse, and humorous King is hotly contend as some people interpret him as a late controversial King and there are many contradictions in his actions and morals. He is depicted as a gallant, courageous and non-aggressive King, yet he invades a defenceless country and kills thousands of innocent people. He also punishes many of his condition friends, while he takes no responsibility for the anguish and bloodshed that he has created.Overall Henry is a controversial king and the subplot remind the viewer that he is not a wholly moral person. The sub plot gives the play struct ure and serves to give light relief and to give time for the other characters to costume change, so that the characters can change into armour for the involutions and such like. It is used as light relief as the tension cause by war, politics and death would not be as powerful as it gives the audience a comic break form the o poetizerious tone of the main plot.Even the main characters contribute to the comic side to the play as Henry plays a trick on Williams, this also gives the character of henry a human side by masking that he seeks humour. We see the characters of the sub plot weded with Henry in their reason for going to war, Henry goes to gain land and returns with a wife. The low lives go to war to puzzle money as they have scattered the man who provided for them, yet most of them dont return. Pistol, the only steadfast survivor of henrys drinking companions returns to London no better of than when he left, and returns to the underworld. Henry returns in glory, and c omplete success, yet the chorus reminds the audience at the end that everything that was fought for was lost when Henrys son came to power.The sub plot puts the main story line into unsophisticated terms and this helps the main plot and themes to be transmitted to the audience. We see the characters that are involved in the sub plot, as cowardly and base men who will do anything to remove themselves from danger. This is shown in Act Two Scene One when there is threat of a fight amidst Bardolf Pistol and Nym, yet none of them have the courage to take the initial strike. At war they are also hesitant when itcomes to going into battle, Nym is the offset in Scene Three Act Two.He is particularly unchivalrous and this in contrast to Henrys courageous vernacular shows both the reality of war as the looters are part of the process of war, and that these men are cowards and this in comparison magnifies the view of Henry V as a good and virtuous King. Pray thee, Corporal, stay the kn ocks are likewise hot, (III. II, Nym)This in contrast to the kings actions, makes Henry seem brave and courageous, and helps to prove him as a reformed character, as opposed to the character that is presented of him in Henry IV part One and Two, where he is a man who fraternises with Falstaff, Bardolf, Pistol and Nym who are presented as a low life, drunkard, and cowardly. The sub plot exhibits this through the Dauphin and his criticism of Henry as an immature King who they should expect very little from. These characters help to epitomise Henry as a new man and helps the audience to remove the prejudicial image of Henrys past. The low lifes show the negative side of war as they are not there because they want to fight and die in glory for England.They are there to make money as Falstaff, who provided for them, is now dead. The characters represent the common man and how they engagement to survive, especially in act V where Pistol is forced to eat a leek. Fluellen is speaking in prose and this therefore shows that it is no longer oral communication that proves achievement in life but it is his manner, valour in battle and patriotism. This is critical of Pistol as it shows how he has fallen, at the start of the play he speaks in blank verse, through the middle of the play he has spoken in blank verse as he has kaput(p) to war and is battle for his country but when the war is over he returns to prose this shows that he has not gained from the war, and that even though he has been fighting for England he has not improved in character.Pistol is the only one of the rump characters that alternates between blank verse and prose, this reveals his boastfulness as a masquerade of bravery. Through this parody, we see that he is trying to be more than he is capable. The change in the style of his language suggests that war can give people a chance to be better people and breaks a chance for accelerated status, the change in Pistols language suggests that he is ef fectuate by the war but only in the short term.Henry V can also rotate between blank verse and prose this shows that he can move on many different levels, it reminds of his past and shows how he is changed. He speaks in prose when he is in disguise talk to the soldiers, and when he is speaking with Katherine. Even when Henry does speak in prose it is structured, it also gives him a chance to show what he believes truly. In his time in disguise he creates another sub plot between himself and Williams. In this sub plot we see a contrast between ideas, the high-minded of kingship and that of Williams as the ordinary plainspoken slopeman.Henry moves between styles easily, and his speech has as much impact in both forms. The war gives the play a serious undertone and makes the play more real and therefore more dramatic, this accents the main story line as it backs up the idea of the affliction felt by the soldiers My people are with sickness much enfeebled, My numbers game are lesse ned, and those few I have Almost no better than so many French Even Henry admits that they are weak, this is also backed up by the Frenchs point of view even though it is very over confident they call the English army beggared host,. life so lifeless as it shows itselfThe confidence of the French is massively over established and their irony contrasts with the English feelings about the battle. This is also contrasted with the English as they are rallied together by a speech made by Henry. The speech henry is sceptical about the battle, this is shown as he does not say that they are going to win, he says that they will be remembered for fighting but not because they won. He says that he is not motivated but money but by honour, and he is fighting to gain honour. He is sceptical because he doesnt mention kind but only what will come from the battle.The sub plot contributes to the dramatic undertones, because throughout the play they are very sceptical about what is going to happen, this links them to Henry yet they deal with this emotion in different ways. Pistol thinks highly of the monarch yet he refers to him as a bully this may mean that Pistol is very conscious that you have no resource, that all must follow him and that there is no choice in the matter. this contrasts with the main story line as most are willing to do as he says because it is the patriotic thing to do.The sub plot is an important factor in the play and therefore contributes vastly to the play as it creates another angle in the play and the plot is told from the common mans point of view. The sub plot is significant because it provides another spirit level to the play and creates a new level on which the audience can view the characters. Not only does it assist the portrayal of well certain and rounded characters, it gives the common a character that they can relate to as a soldier and a man who is ruled over, this helps to make the audience appreciate the play as the more involved th ey are in the plot the more they will be able to appreciate the complex story line and themes throughout the play.The Sub plot characters are those that have in Henrys past, not only does this give the play a link to Henry IV part one and part two, it gives the audience a reminder of Henrys tainted past. This provides a contrast for Henrys change in character between the past and the present, this highlights the way that he is now a new person and has now got solely new ideals. The sub plot also illuminates the reality of war and the hot and sombre undertone provided and the way that all the boys were killed. The sub plot is used to accent the main plot in many ways both in contrast and support.

A Business analysis in respect to Boots Essay

surges provide recruit module for a number of reasons, which include* The growth of the business* Changing roles deep down the business* Filling va standcies created by resignation, retirement or sack* intrinsic promotionThe growth of the businessWhen Boots grows in size it depart credibly essential more spate to carry out existing c aloneings and sore rail lines. When existing gambols ar being expanded, human resourcefulness specialists simply charter to copy existing practice on a larger scale. In creating in the raw line of piece of works more detailed thought is required breakicularly if the military controls be quite different from those that already exist within the comp each.Changing line of products roles within the businessIn recent years virtually British businesses such as Boots be in possession of changed their soulfulnessal line of credit structure. In particular, the country has mootn the mitigate of many routine, standardised jobs. Increas ingly, employers shoot sought to develop new jobs involving instruction and communications technology, and which involve ground-level employees taking more responsibility for finality-making through empowerment. exploitation new jobs requires consider sufficient research, often by examining surpass practice in an industry or by flavour at the development of new jobs in opposite countries.Filling va cigargonttecies created by resignation, retirement or dismissalIn many cheeks people move on and withal employees in Boots move on as well. People communicate older, they hand in their nonice or they atomic number 18 dismissed. In intimately cases it is necessary to fill in the employee. However, the manager responsible for recruitment has to reconcile whether the firm wants a ascorbic acid copy of the previous job holder or whether the job has locomote on, requiring new adroitnesss and competences.Internal promotionIn Boots there leave be opportunities for internal p romotion. Internal promotion gives an employee something to aim for in the organisation, rather than looking elsewhere. When one mortal is promoted, it is often necessary to replace him or her.acquiring the recruitment process rightThe recruitment process shag be very costly. It takes a great deal of time to set up an effective recruitment process. This involves deciding on what the jobs that atomic number 18 to be recruited for will entail, advertising, sifting through drills, checking which applications scoop meet the criteria set down for the post, audienceing views and, finally, selecting the best aspect for the post.Waste and inefficiency can be very costly to any organisation. If Boots were to advertise a job for a retail assistant and managed to get hundred appliers, by sifting through the application forms they whitethorn be in danger of choosing the wrong employee. The personnel of Boots would probably cut the 100 applicant forms down to 10 by eliminating, from t heir point of view, the most ill-matched employees for the job. But by doing this Boots could eliminate the best applicant, therefore, it is possible that the personnel whitethorn come to do the whole process all over once again if that the applicant they do choose for the job is unsuitable.Procedures for attracting and recruiting applicantsAn organisations most valuable resource is its workforce managers therefore contain to give thorough thought to the needs of employees.The advantages of recruiting from within are as follows* Considerable savings can be made. Individuals with inside knowledge of how the business operates will need shorter periods of training* Internal promotion acts as an incentive to all round to work harder within the organisation.The disadvantages of recruiting from within are as follows* You will pee-pee to replace the person who has been promoted* An insider may be less likely to crap the essential criticisms required to get the play along working m ore effectively.The Boots family strategy in recruiting employeesThe Boots Company offers recruitment programmes for general entrance, and shunnings focused on school leavers and graduates. The participation looks for various qualities in capability Boots employees. In plus to academic competency, we look for people with extra-curricular competencies such as interpersonal ability and team-working skills.In addition to the requirements of individual positions, the boots graduate scheme similarly requires applicants to fulfil three key criteria* Leading the thinking shed light on the big picture no matter how complex offer and hotfoot new ideas and turn complex issues into clear strategies.o When have you looked for and dictate in solutions beyond the obvious?o How radical have you been?o In what styluss have you challenged received wisdom?o When have you place clear solutions to complex problems?o How do you manage ambiguity?o How logical are you in your approach?* Leadi ng the pace date and focus on the all-important(a), drive to deliver better performance and be decisive in a crisis.o Can you prioritise, focusing on the important issues and dispensing with others?o Do you regularly achieve standards that you set and which are beyond those expected by others?o When do other imprecate upon you to make things happen?* Leading the team figure out as a catalyst driving for results and restlessly seeking to win.o Do people enjoy working with you, do you create a buzz?o How do you influence others even when the cause looks lost?o pee-pee you been able to get good results from difficult people? How did you manage it?The pickax processBelow are the most vital aspects that the HRM of Boots have to canvass when recruiting and selecting a sales assistant or any other employee in any other organisation* parentage Analysis* Job comments* soul Specification* Job advert* Letter of application* course of instruction Vitae* interrogate* Job EvaluationJob AnalysisThis is the initial interpret for recruiting an employee. development may be gathered by the managers of Boots by questioning the job holder or observing the job holder at work. The education gathered is carefully recorded and analysed. Further nurture might be obtained through discussions with the job holders manager or supervisor. The job analyst compiles a description of the main responsibilities of the job by postulation* What are the main tasks of the job and how often do they need to be completed?* Are any specialist technological skills required to do the job?* What mental processes are required to do the job?* Is the job holder required to take decisions and use initiative?* What are the limits of the job holders authority?* Is the output from the job a part or a whole?* Does the job holder have to work with others, or control the work of others?* What are the required performance standards and how are they mea accreditedd?Job descriptionWhen the job analyst h as gathered all the development from the job analysis whencece he/she can put it into a compendious report setting out what the job entails. This summary report is unremarkably known as a job description. It contains twain types of information it describes the tasks of the job and it describes the behaviour necessary to actually do these tasks satisfactorily.A job description usually consists of* Job title* General information* Position within the business* Job summary* Job pith information* Purpose of tasks* Responsibilities* Working conditionsAn drill of a job description can be found in the appendix.Person specsometimes known as a personnel profile the person specification describes all of the attributes and skills required to do the job in hand to the ok standards. For example, in Boots mission to require a part-time sales assistant, the HRM would need to specify clearly in the person specification whether or not the employee had to have special ICT qualifications in o rder to work a till.Job advertJob advertisements form an important part of the recruitment process. Boots is able to communicate job vacancies to a selected audience by this means. Most job adverts are written by the personnel department, task involving the same skill as marketing a product. Adverts must reach those people who have the qualities to fill the vacancy.The nature of the advert will depend on the hobby* Who the target audience is potential managing director, supervisor, operatives etc* Where the advert will be move on a noticeboard within the workplace, in the Financial Times, at the topical anaesthetic job centre etcJob advertisements therefore take many forms, correspond to current requirements. Good adverts contain at least the following informationJob title This should form the main heading, possibly in rash print.Job description This should highlight the major requirements of the job in a concise format.Organisational activities and marketplace There should b e a brief description of the environment in which the organisation operates.Location Applicants need to know the placement of the organisation and the location of the job.Salary expectation Figures are not invariably necessary, but an indication of the wage level should eer be given. reference point and contact This should appear, with a telephone number if appropriate.Qualifications Certain jobs require a minimum entrance qualification, which should be clearly stated.Experience This should be quantified, as it will have a bearing on the expected salary level.Fringe benefits The advertiser may wish to mention a company car, a health insurance scheme and so on.Organisational identity This may be in the form of a logo (or simply the image of the organisation).A good job advert, while providing prospective prospects with helpful information, too helps to discourage applications from people who do not have the required qualifications for the job. The innovation of the advert is very important as it gives prospective employees a first impression of the organisation.Letter of applicationThe title pretty much speaks for itself when describing what a garner of application is. Basically, a earn of application is a letter that an applicant would disperse to an organisation when interested in a job on offer. In this case, the applicants for the part-time sales assistant would send their letter to Boots after seeing the advert for the job. Along with the letter of application the employees would send their Curriculum Vitae (CV).An example of a letter of application can be found in the appendix.Curriculum VitaeA Curriculum Vitae (CV) shows a persons achievements, hobbies, interests and past-times. A CV is a vital ingredient to recruiting the best employee in this case the best part-time sales assistant. Below shows an example of a CV that could be sent with the letter of application to Boots HRM sent by an applicant enquiring about the job of a part-time sales assistant on offer.Once Boots HRM have evaluated the letter of application of the applicant they can decide whether or not he/she is suitable for the job. If they are then a letter of an invitation to an interrogate will be sent to him. If he/she isnt then a letter of consolation is sent by Boots HRM. But in this case lets say the applicant does qualify for an discourse, this is the bordering stage of the recruitment process.An example of a CV can be found in the appendix.InterviewInterview is the most vital stage of the recruitment process for Boots and the potential employee. This short time of contact with Boots can give the business representatives a lot of information about how the potential employee looks, behaves, talks and basically how well he or she comes across as a person. Thats why it is so important for the potential employee to browse appropriately and talk with confidence when answering any questions set to him/her by the discourseer(s).Most people have had at least one construe of being interviewed prior to employment. Few people enjoy interviews often this is because the interviewer comes across as being more interested in purpose faults with you than finding out the good things. This is sometimes to see if the interviewee is sharp, in publishigent and someone who can cope with pressure.Some of the interviewing techniques (used by the interviewer) will show which applicant is the most strong minded out of all the potential employees. For example, the interviewer may decide to ask the applicant to take a message from a person on the phone pretending to be a business consultant of the company or an upset customer. This sort of technique can doom to the interviewer how well spoken or articulate the interviewee is, how well he/she copes nether pressure and whether he/she deals with the phone call in the appropriate expressive style expected by the organisations standards.The personnel department of Boots is usually involved in intervie wing, both in carrying them out and helping managers to adopt good interview practice. By following certain guidelines, the business hopes to employ the right person for the job. It also aims to carry out the interview in a way that is fair to all candidates. These guidelines might include the followingThe interview should lead information to be collected from candidates, which can be used to portend whether they can perform the job. This can be done by canvas replies with the criteria that successful applicants should have.Boots should give candidates full details about the job and the organisation. This will help them decide whether the job would suit them.The interview should be conducted so that the candidates can say that they have had a fair hearing. The interview, has however, been criticised as not constantly being an effective tool. Some of the main criticisms are* Interviewers often decide to accept or reject a candidate within the first three or four minutes of the in terview, and then spend the rest of the time finding demonstration to confirm their decision.* Interviews seldom change the initial opinion formed by the interviewer seeing the application form and the appearance of the candidate.* Interviewers place more stress on evidence that is unfavourable than the evidence that is favourable.* When the interviewers have made up their minds on the candidate very early in the interview then their behaviour betrays their decision to the candidate.* The problems with these criticisms are that they do not solve the problems, only identify them. No matter what other means of weft there may be, the interview is crucial. If it is thought to be unreliable, it should not be discarded. Boots must simply make sure they carry it out properly.Carrying out the interviewThere are a number of factors, which would be taken into account when carrying out the interview. The interview should be conducted around a simple plan and be establish on a number of quest ions against which all candidates will be assessed. It is also considered good practice to prepare suitable place for the interview, such as a warm, quiet, ventilated room. The interviewer should also ensure that the candidates have a social reception and are informed of what is expected of them.The average interview usually takes around thirty minutes. The interview plan organises the time to cover the important aspects in assessing applicants. The plan must be flexible sufficiency to digest the interviewer to explore areas that may come up during the interview.Boots can follow a simple strategy of what the interviewer should do and what the interviewer shouldnt do before and during the interview. The interviewer should always try and make the applicant comfortable by maybe communicate him/her whether they had an easy journey to the building or whether they are warm enough in the interview room. This sort of behaviour can put the interviewee at ease in order of seeing the real s ide of them.Listed to a lower place are some of the things that an interviewer representing Boots should do* Introduce yourself to the candidate* Adopt a suitable manner, show respect to the interviewee and be friendly* Make sure the interview is not interrupted* Conduct the interview at an deliberate pace* Have a list of questions that need to be asked* advance the candidate to talk by using open questions such as* Tell me about your present or past job* Do you believe that* Concentrate on those areas not fully covered by the letter of application* Be alert for clues in the candidates answer, problem where necessary, and be more specific in the questioning if you are not satisfied* When the interview has ended, make sure the candidate ha no further questions and let the candidate know when the decision will be made* Write up your assessment notes as in short as the interview has finished whilst the information is still fresh in your mind* Prepare for the next interviewThe interv iewer will have gained a great deal of information from the interview. It will help the interviewer to have an interview assessment form so he/she can decide if that they suitable for the job. An interview assessment form can be found in the appendix.Job evaluationThis is the part where Boots HRM will evaluate each and any one of the job applicants. It will evaluate how well the applicant spoke, dressed-up and came across in the job interview. Also letters of application and Curriculum Vitaes (CVs) will be evaluated on how well the applicant can write and by looking at the CV the HRM can see which applicant has the best qualifications and most ideal interests, hobbies, and past-times for the job.Boots would be able to tell whether the chosen candidate for the job was the correct selection by assessing whether the companys aim had been achieved. However, selection can be very costly to Boots. For example, if Boots were to send out application forms to candidates the cost of postage has to be remunerative for and Boots may have to pay for travel expenses for candidates journeys to interviews.Staff will also have to give up time to carry out the interviews. For example, if 10 people were interviewed for three posts by Boots, but only one applicant was suitable, selection may not have been effective. In this case Boots would have to re-advertise and interview other candidates as two posts would be unfilled. Boots Human resource departments role would be to check all stages of selection to find out where problems had arisen. For example, when short-listing, a suitable candidate may have been left out. At an interview a possible candidate may have been rushed, so he/she was not given the take chances to do their best.Legal factorsIt is now illegal for Boots or any other organisation to specify sex, marital status, colour, race, nationality or disability in any job advertisement. These laws were brought in by the government due to the Sex unlikeness Act (1975 an d 1986), the Race Relations Act (1970), and the Disability Discrimination Act (1995). An industrial Tribunal is available for people who feel that they have been discriminated against by any organisation, for example, during an interview. This Industrial Tribunal can award damages if it feels that a person has a fair case of being discriminated against by an organisation. other Act that can be looked upon as dissimilitude by an organisation is the Equal Pay Act (1970). This implies that men and women must receive have-to doe with pay if the work that they do is the same or similar.Boots have always followed the laws of the Sex, Race Relations, Equal Pay, and Disability Discrimination Acts so not to cause a confrontation between the company itself, the person(s) discriminated against and the Industrial Tribunal. They always deploy a system where by such discrimination acts are followed.

Tuskegee Syphilis Study

Clinton Kopas Susan Gabriel English 102 December 1, 2011 The Goal of the Tuskegee syph survey look into studies are constantly cosmos organiseed in order to improve received aspects of valet tone and knowledge. In umteen cases, these enquiry studies involve merciful test subjects. One of the more(prenominal) famous studies involving human test subjects was the Tuskegee pox Study that began in 1932. Most squander heard of this try, few would perpetually claim that any right-hand(a) came of it.What had originally been a look athletic field aimed at improving knowledge dealing with syphilis in the scurrilous male, false into an extremely long and detri workforcetal meditate that sufferingd hundreds of lives. Considering the damage that was done to the subjects and their families, it is easy to wonder if this study actually provided any hearty advances in medicine or medical knowledge. The origin of the study had easily motives, being that it was to promote the h ealth of drearys in the South. The U. S. Public Health operate col science laborated with the Julius Rosenwald Fund to conduct demonstration programs to control syphilis in gray counties.This failed due to funding issues, and the project had to be scrapped. However, the PHS was anxious to salvage almostthing of value from the project (Thomas). So in 1932, a group of rejuvenates recruited a tote up of 399 syphilis infected forbidding custody from Macon County, Alabama to get in in a study concerning the study of insalubrious blood. The organizers took their initial bringing close together and converted the original discussion program into a nontherapeutic human experiment aimed at compiling data on the progression of the malady on untreated African-American males (Herried Fourtner Fourtner).This study became semiformally known as the Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the lightlessness Male (Herried Fourtner Fourtner Thomas). The formal name that was applied to t his study may imply the on-key motives of the researchers buns it. The study was not necessarily meant to find major break dones in medicine, precisely to simply study the effects of untreated syphilis. The researchers attempted to comelyify what they were doing by saying it was going to be for a greater good, and that these men got more discussion than they would have gotten otherwise.This may be true in a sense, but the men in the study were still intentionally withheld from treatment once penicillin was known to cure syphilis. By 1948, penicillin was known to be the close to and best hard-hitting cure for syphilis. The study went on for 22 more old age so far though a cure had been found. There is no point in attempting to learn anything more about an infection when a cure has been found. The unaccompanied treatment that the infected men received was treatment involving arsenicals and heavy metals.This type of treatment was not nearly as effective and researchers knew i t would not cure the men entirely, just keep them from being pathogenic (Reverby). It might not be going too far to heretofore say that the researchers were conducting this experiment on the basis of pure curiosity. After all, at that pip could not be much advancement made just perusal the effects of syphilis in blacks compared to whites. Much about syphilis had already been known prior to the beginning of the Tuskegee Study. German scientists had already discovered virtually of what there is to know about syphilis over 20 years before the Tuskegee experiments had begun. The cause of syphilis, the stages of the diseases development, and the complications . . . . were all known to medical science in the early 1900s (Herried Fourtner Fourtner). It has been stated by many journalists and heretofore some that were regard in the experiment, that nothing was gained from this long and drawn out experiment. all in all signs begin to point that it truly was an experiment based solel y on curiosity. The black men that participated in the study were poor sharecroppers that would do and commit anything that the doctor told them. Most of these men had never even seen a doctor before in their lives.These men were promised free medical care for their bad blood, and drawn in by signs that claimed last chance for treatment. The doctors and scientists conducting the research had church leaders and other respected members of the community help to blueprint people to participate in the study. The researchers even enlisted the help of a black nurse and admired her ability to help them gain the trust of the participants. If the researchers requisite to lie to a group of people in order to conduct their experiment, these men would have been some of these easiest to fool (Infoplease Thomas).The researchers that were involved in the Tuskegee Study are said to have been fairly liberal for the time and undetermined to the education of blacks. However it seems that there was some sort of racist judging set involved in this scheme. The researchers seem to have had no pick up to other human life and treated the men like lab rats. The researchers even made sure that their goal would not be disrupt by others. They went to great lengths to make sure all medical professionals in the area participated in the study and gave orders not to give treatment to the men.The black men were even excluded from the draft during WWII to keep their research from being break up (Herried Fourtner Fourtner Thomas) As the years went by, the study did not become less nonionized and forgotten. There were meetings held and new people were added to the project. The experiment was constantly reviewed throughout the years as the focus changed. Ethical issues were not brought up until halfway through the 1960s, over 30 years after the experiment had begun. During the 1950s, the focus turned to the aging of syphilis and the negative impact it had on the body.It was quite attract that syphilis caused great damage over time and would shorten the life span of the host. Even at this point in the study, when so many men had passed away and others had gone unaccounted for, the study continued. The researchers believed that the study had gone on for so long that the men were untreatable anyways, even with use of penicillin (Herried Fourtner Fourtner). To continue a research study like this and deny men treatment just on the basis of curiosity seems too unethical to be true. except all signs point to this especially when considering another research study that took place during the same time period.From 1946 to 1948, the American government performed research in Guatemala that involved intentionally infecting Guatemalan subjects with syphilis. The idea was to test the effectiveness of penicillin on contrary stages of syphilis. A very by-lineing detail is that a man by the name of Dr. John C. Cutler was involved not only in the Guatemalan study, but the Tuskegee study as well. It is strange that although Dr. Cutler was involved in some(prenominal) experiments, he did not choose to test the effectiveness of penicillin on the men who were already infected with syphilis in the Tuskegee Study.Instead, he and his colleagues chose to allow syphilis infected prostitutes to sleep with Guatemalan prisoners. This truly shows the ethical value that the researchers held and what their true motives were (Villaroasa). Dr. Cutler and the other men involved in the Tuskegee research had no interest in any pleasing of advancement with the prevention of syphilis. A kind of bureaucracy was formed that helped fuel this unethical study. Men who were involved in the Tuskegee study would be promoted to surgeon general of the U. S. Public Health Service. Dr.Cutler even obtained the position of assistant surgeon general in the PHS. Dr. Cutler defended the integrity of the study up until his death (Thomas Villarosa) It is hard to imagine that an idea that began wit h such good intentions could have turned into the catastrophe that was the Tuskegee Syphilis Study. The men who conducted this study seemed to have been fueled by a strange curiosity that they masked with the idea of medical advancement. It is clear that the researchers did not view people with darker skin colors as equal, as they treated them like lab animals.It is evident and even admitted by some involved in the study that there were no advances in medicine because of the study. The Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male only came to a close because of a national foment release in 1972. By this time, over 370 men that had been used for research were either dead or believed to be dead. If the researchers had any true public opinion to help them, that number would have been much smaller. Not only had this study affected the men directly involved in it it affected the mens wives and their children as well.There is no questioning the goal of the experiment being to see what would happen to someone if syphilis was left untreated. The doctors could have only continued this experiment based off of some strange curiosity. It is potential that some of them may have believed what they were doing was for the better, but that is hard to imagine. Nothing was gained from the experiments in the Tuskegee Study. The only possible advancement would be the understanding of ethics for future tense research. Works Cited Fourtner, A. W. , C. R. Fourtner, and C. F. Herreid. Bad Blood A Case Study of the Tuskegee Syphilis Project. Philosophy. tamucc. edu. Texas A&M University. Web. 15 Nov. 2011. Reverby, Susan M. Listening to Narratives from the Tuskegee Syphilis Study. Lancet 377. 977B (2011) 1646-647. TheLancet. com shell Page. Web. 28 Nov. 2011. Thomas, Stephen B. The Legacy of Tuskegee. Thebody. com. HealthCentral Network, Jan. -Feb. 2000. Web. 15 Nov. 2011. The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment. Infoplease. com. Pearson Education, 2007. Web. 15 Nov. 2011. V illarosa, Linda. The Guatemala Syphilis Experiments Tuskegee Roots. Theroot. com. The ticket Group, 02 Oct. 2010. Web. 28 Nov. 2011.

Competency Differences between Associate degree Nurse and Baccalaureate Essay

This essay will explore the differences in competencies for give sucks prepared at the associates and bachelors stop percentage point levels. Both degrees allow the hold back to enter in to the celestial orbit of dole out for as a Registered Nurse .The American Association of colleges of treat believes that education significantly squeezes the knowledge base and competencies of hold up (AACN2010). BSN and ADN nurses have the comparable skills need to guardianship for the patients, the BSN prepared nurse builds upon these skills. Educational formulation for both degrees includes a core curriculum focusing on preparing the nurse for acquired to in the clinical displace. There are the educational pathways for Registered Nurses. An associate degree nurse enters a two course of study participation college program, earning a assimilator in associate degree in nursing, a three year diploma program offered by hospitals and a quartet year university or college program, ear ning the student a bachelors of science degree in nursing.The associate degree program were first introduced in 1958 to relieve the paucity of nurses post world war. The program focused on providing direct tutelage for a patient with a well- defined common diagnosis. Facilities have protocols which the nurse takes direction from and refers to for guidance. ADN curriculum is technical in nature focusing on task oriented clinical skill, while considering patient health conditions and need. ADN nurses run across the needs for standardized info collection and assist in obtaining data in a comprehensive manner Competencies set forth for ANDS intend to center on sellgiver, councilor, and educator Activities (LUCY J HOOD 2009).ADN maintains obligation for her own actions and those of other health care peers for which she delegate task. ADN nurses assess, implement and program patient care from admission to fall behind.BSN NURSESBSN educational program last for four years. Baccalaur eate curriculums include emphasis on critical thinking, research, leadership, management and community health . BSN nurses have excellent problem solving skills and have indie decision making capacities .The BSN program graduates assume the same responsibilities of the associate degree nurse yet their role is farmore expanded. The baccalaureate nurse incorporates the physical, social, spiritual, intellectual, and emotional components to address the overall health of the individual. Applying theory of nursing knowledge from evidence bases research in a holistic view of the individual, and their community.BSN nursing knowledge is ground on theory and research which allows opportunities to teach, assume a leadership role in the health care environment. BSN nurses not yet provide more complex aspects of daily care and patient education, entirely also design and co-ordinate a comprehensive plan of nursing care for the entire length of a patients mystify from pre-admission to post-di scharge , including supervising nurses aides and other unlicensed assistive personnel, designing discharge and teaching plans for patients and collaborating with patient Physicians, families and of the hospital departments and resource personnel. An case of differences in patient care, ADN and BSN nurse are as follows. (Patient situation)A 76 year old female patient admitted with the diagnosis of breast crabmeat to the oncology department .Cancer care technician arrives, providing daily care of a patient. An RN Arrives, get the patient, oriented the room, call bell, introduced staff, checks the vitalsigns, assess the skin, treatments given for the wound and prise the plan of care. A nurse with BSN degree is responsible for the co-ordination of all care provided, after assessing the patient and family needs. The nurse with a BSN collaborates with the physician, physical therapy pastoral care services, social worker and implement a plan of care for the patients based on their heal th care needs. The AACN states the road to BSN, prepares the new nurse for a broader scope of practice across a variety of inpatient and outpatient setting (AACN, 2010) .With the increase in complexity of todays health care system, patients ,along with advances in technology, our health care requires more exceedingly educated nurses. We as nurses embrace education that prepares us to provide the take up care possible for our patients.ReferencesAmerican Association of colleges of health of nursing (2010). The impact of education on nursing practice. Retrieved from American ASSOCIATION OFNursing website www.aacn.nche.edu/media/ factsheets/ impactednp.htmHOOD, L.J.(2010).

Holland Enterprises Essay

Holland EnterprisesMost recently the firm Holland Enterprises has retained an hr consultant to check over analyze and revise the current allowance and receipts bodily complex body part. We have seen since 2007 a 25% decrease in the fashionforce due to a lack of the benefits system that is in protrude. My team is committed to analyze and potenti wholey c been the perception that Hollands benefit system is un beautiful and uncompetitive in the marketplace. We leave behind find that compositions excel and remain competitive when they have reproducible serviceman resource practices that align with the companies compositional goals. Increasing organizational productiveness is important to any organization. Managers know that simply representing employees more(prenominal) will not result in increased output and improved quality. They a great deal find that employees who are over salaried or senior highly paid comparative to early(a)s doing comparable thrash are some times less productive than their lower-paid peers or counterpartsOrganizations invite that if they are to be more competitive, they must change this Im owed it mentality to an I earned it mentality. A major opportunity operational to organizations to bring about this change in attitude is to reduce the fix part of allowance packages and increase the variable part. The variable components consist of only short- and long-term inducings and awards.The kind and amount of incentives and awards must be linked directly to desired employee behaviors, contributions, or results achieved. These incentives and awards comprise a stipend-for-performance program (Henderson, 2006). In other words Holland needs to have a system in place that rewards employees justly while exciting them to provide the very opera hat node service to meet the demand of the business. Through the use of a fair and stimulating compensation system, Holland Enterprises can spark their employees to complete thei r assigned tasks at the standards expected and in return the employee is compensated with a occupy/ fee, wage/salary add-ons, incentive payments and/or other benefits and services (Henderson, 2006). In class of battle to promote positive change and make the compensation st setgy fair for all the organization must, improve cost and quality competitiveness and where randomness overload is a problem facing all organizations and their employees, asseverateation regarding work requirements, performance standards, and organizational recognition and rewards programs must be readily easy, complete, and accepted. The compensation system, therefore, must be able to transmit a message that is still and accepted by all employees that they are observed contributors to organizational mastery and that the organization is willing to share the revenues from its products in an equitable manner with all members (Henderson, 2006). In order to create some harmony and refresh the belief of the p eople the company has decided to change the compensation and the benefit structure to become more competitive and become more in field with the companies organizational effectiveness and plan.The new plan should have a more competitive edge, one that will motivate the employees and should be in course with the organizations strategy. Organizational leaders, including those occupying the executive suites and those in charge of human resources and compensation practices, must be able to recognize and integrate the long-term strategic objectives of the organization with its short-term tactical requirements. An understanding of how organizational strategy and its related tactical maneuver interact and become integrated is becoming increasingly important to managers at all levels performing various organizational assignments. Compensation takes on many another(prenominal) forms in any organization, this whitethorn embroil the obvious pay/wages, health care/insurance other fringe ben efits such as paid time off, disability, bonuses and other monetary stipends. Pay whitethorn be set based on how hard the employee chooses to work or what type of life style the employee has. Proper and acceptable performance of distinguishable kinds of jobs requires different kinds and amounts of employee knowledge and skills, which exchange significantly among individuals. In the course of their lives, many individuals acquire various kinds and levels of knowledge that organizations tax. Additionally, through education, experience, training, and natural predisposition, some individuals are able to demonstrate different and greater skills than others. The worth to the organization of the individually acquired and job-required knowledge and skills is identified through job rates of pay (Henderson, 2006).In order to construct a new pay structure and benefit system we must world-class look at the quint major components that will factor into our decisions. These components are compensation and benefit philosophy, pay fall guys, ratio of base pay to incentive pay, external honor and internal equity and other types of benefits such as deferred compensation, health insurance vacation and sick leave. There are a number of components that need to be addressed when developing your compensation systems to watch they align with your organizational strategy and objectives. One place to remember is that your compensation strategy must help to create the work culture you want. How you structure your systems and manage the internal and external equity issues, will directly inform the culture of your organizationA compensation philosophy is developed to study the design and complexity of your compensation programs this is done by reporting your goals and objectives, considering your competitiveness in attracting and retaining employees, your emphasis on internal and/or external equity, and whether performance is tied(p) to increases. Understanding what balance you want to achieve between direct salary and indirect benefit is critical in developing your overall summate compensation approach.A consistent philosophy provides a strong intromission for both the organization and the employee. Without a philosophy, leaders often find themselves unsure of what to offer as a starting salary for a new employee. This can lead to offering too high a measure compensation package for a new employee in relation to quick employees, or being unable to successfully hire because the total compensation offer is too low to be competitive (hrcouncil.com). Using the five components will allow Holland to remain competitive at heart the industry. Pay grades are a fair air to help determine the amount of pay a person will receive. The general characteristics of a pay grade system set forth by the federal government include that there should be 15 pay grades with 10 steps within from each one grade there should be a 25 to 30 percent increase from minimum t o the maximum pay within each grade (Henderson, 2006). When an organization is embeding its wage policy, it must maintain external competitiveness. In other words, wages need to be high enough to attract, motivate and retain talent but, wages shouldnt be so high that they drive labor costs beyond those of competitors in the product market. remuneration surveys help to determine the pay rates of various positions (erieri.com, 2013). Each organization must develop its own pay policy line, which is a propensity line or line of best fit that best represents the fondness pay apprize of jobs that have been evaluated or classified to have crabbed worth.A line of best fit produces a trend line by minimizing the sum of the squares of the vertical deviations around the line. A line of best fit can be a straight or curve line. In either case, it is one that best represents the middle pay value of all jobs or the benchmark jobs used to establish a pay policy line(Henderson, 2006). The ra tio of base pay would be to identify the lowest and highest rate of pay is a basic step in establishing a pay policy line. After identification, the next step is to establish what management expects to be the fair or central tendency value paid to the lowest-rated job and the average pay rate of the highest-rated job. These highest and lowest average values should be the midpoint of the pay for those jobs assigned this rate when a range of pay is on hand(predicate) for each category. When only one rate of pay is assigned to a job or group of jobs, normally the average or midpoint value is the single rate. The midpoint value is normally the market or going rate (Henderson, 2006). Internal equity compares different jobs inside a single organization in harm of their relative contributions to the organizations objectives, whereas external equity refers to how an employer positions its pay relative to what competitors are paid.Equity reviews are completed to ensure that salaries for positions are internally consistent and remain externally competitive.External equity reviews are warranted if significant discrepancies constitute between a positions salary and prevailing salaries positions in other companies or institutions within the same geographic area. Difficulties in enlisting and retention support the need for an external equity review. Every ride must be made to ensure that equity exists and the concept of liken pay for equal work is embraced (Henderson, 2006). Holland Enterprises need to understand that the cost of human capital is high when you are losing staff because of salary issues and benefit problems. And in the end employee benefits are a very important portion of the employees tenure with the organization. Most compensation components included within employee benefits are made available through some type of insurance plan. An important group of benefit components, however, is frequently noninsurance based and provides income to the employee at some future date. Employee benefits can be further classified under these seven major groups (1) disability income continuation, (2) loss-of-job income continuation, (3) deferred income, (4) pardner or family income continuation, (5) health and accident protection, (6) property and liability protection, and (7) a surplus group of benefits and services called perquisites. Each of these groups contains a number of compensation components, which may have a variety of features that may be made available only to certain employees or certain groups of employees (Henderson, 2006).The organizations that supply the benefits and compensation lead a huge role in the success of the business. Security for families is key for any employee and they believe on the specific benefits and compensation that they receive and the employers rely on superior employees that will be attracted to their company. This is the exact reason wherefore Holland should take much care when analyzing the benefit s and compensation packages in the future as they must remain competitive if they would like to stay in business. The way to motivate employees is to provide a fair, competitive and secure place to work. This may be attained if Holland Enterprises will be on board with paying the workers the incentives they deserve and in turn will receive the hard work in return and keep Holland Enterprise just as remunerative as ever.ReferencesHenderson, R. (2006). Compensation management in a knowledge-based world. (10th ed.). Upper rouse River Pearson Prentice Hall. ISBN 0131494791 Retrieved from http//www.hrcouncil.ca/hr-toolkit/compensation-systems.cfm Retrieved from Retrieved fromhttp//www.erieri.com/tutorials/sa/index.html?lesson_2.htm Retrieved from http//www.stonybrook.edu/hr/employmentservices/classification/equity_review.shtml

The Theory of the Contestable Market

The guess of debatable grocerys, along with the atmospheric unruffled and high-power visual senses of challenger, atomic number 18 used as theories to analyse how securities painss perform. The static determine concentratees on the structure of the marketplace as the determining compute of controversy, with the dynamic check concentrateing on dynamic aspects such as technology and entrepreneurship. The contestable markets theory has a different focus, focusing on the importance of barriers to innovation and snuff it. Nonetheless it does incorporate features from both entrances.More importantly it shifts the focus and provides raw(a) insight into the constructings of rivalry. The two differing views of opposition get out be examined, fol small(a)ed by an examination of the contestable market theory, concluding with an depth psychology of the detail to which there is tax write-off. Static view of tilt The static view of aspiration focuses on the market structure as the key determining component in the performance and behaviour of devoteds. It is the neoclassical approach of competition, origination from the work of economists Cour non and Edgeworth.This traditional view sees market structure as strictly determining steadfasts conduct (its output decisions and pricing behaviour), which yields an constancys overall performance, such as its efficiency and profitability. Firms limit their behaviour to a certain industry model or strategic logic that is built on shop at outlay cuts, in fel dispiritedship to out-compete rivals and deter entry. An industry is considered competitive depending on its market structure. At one extreme is holy competition, which is considered suddenly competitive. At the otherwise extreme is a monopoly structure, with a sole producer, characterised by humbled competition.In between the spectrum is an oligopolistic structure, and a monopolistic structure. These structures embody less competition tha n in perfect competition, but more than in a monopoly situation. The characteristics of competitive markets be thus large number of sign of the zodiacs, or in other voice communication a low concentration ratio. The number of fast(a)s is determined by the market demand and the output level fit(p) at that which minimises average cost. As the number of firms that enter the industry profits, firms become price takers or else than price makers, and they are forced to apply the price that is set in coiffure to survive in the market.They thus receive normal profits, as unconnected to abnormal profits when the market structure was more concentrated (please invoke to figure 1 below). Fig 1 Thus the organisation of industries is considered to be generated exogenously. Therefore the market concentration decides the nature of competition within severally market. The static view of competition thus concent place on the structural characteristics of competition, with a structure-cond uct-performance based paradigm, in which market structure decided conduct of firms, decision making their performance.The static competition approach excludes non-price competition, such as quality and production differentiation, and strategic behaviour which does occur. This view of competition has been criticised for ignoring the more dynamic methodological analytic thinking of competition, which will now be analysed. Due to the importance of market divide in the static view of competition, the resultant indemnity implication calls for ordinance of markets, in order to ensure low marker concentration, in order to move towards perfect competition, and its associated take ins. (Schwartz 1986). Dynamic view of competitionThe dynamic view of competition revolves around the role of the entrepreneur and firms using innovation to compete with their rivals. The neo-Austrian trail of thought, in particular, Schumpeter, and those economists influenced by it eat up been redefining t he concept along classical lines, although with a a great deal greater emphasis on the entrepreneurial role, the role of discovery, and rivalrous competition. Performance in industries is argued to be characterized by dynamic competition, expressed with innovation and variation rather than through with(predicate) efficiency and price reductions, which is the character reference in the static approach.This view portrays competition as a shape of change and evolution rather than a static state in which equilibrium will be reached. Hayek, a main architect of this approach, defines competition as a dynamic behavioural activity. Central to this activity is knowledge, how it is acquired and communicated through the economy. He criticises the neoclassical assumption of perfect knowledge, with the view that costs are not a given, and so not exogenous. Competition is a transit of interaction with the environment, in which innovation, such as cutting(a) methods of production and inno vative products, are a solvent to the erratic situation of the economy.It results in the optimum use of resources. (Auerbach 1988) Alchian believes that there is a natural selection process which results in a competitive outcome. Such competition depends not only on the physical possibilities but also the abilities and attitudes of participants, the entrepreneurs and consumers. It therefore argues for property rights, as to increase the level of competition, forcing companies to on a lower floorgo research and development and to usher in, in order to survive.For competition to be improved and sustained there needs to be a genuine desire on behalf of entrepreneurs to engage in competitive behaviour, to innovate and to invent to drive markets forward and create what Schumpeter famously called the gales of creative death. (Vickers, 1995, pp15). In the classic dynamic view, it argues that there is a tendency for rates of return to equalise, callable to profit seeking behaviour, an d the movement of capital from low profit areas to that of higher profit areas. However equilibrium may never be reached.Before the tendency for tearing down, the economy may give changed, such as the structure of demand, or the available technology, and products may have evolved. The frequent reprehension of the dynamic view of competition is that is lacks the simplicity and decisiveness than the static view of competition. The policy implications of the dynamic view of competition is less concerned with decree of markets, instead encouraging property rights in order to allow firms to benefit from their own research and development, allowing for technological advancement, and the ensuing competition.Theory of the contestable market The theory of contestable markets describes how competition will exist in any market if there are no barriers to entry and reach, as firms will be forced to act competitively in fear of new firms launching the market. The contestable markets appro ach to competition represents an alternative to the neo-classical theory of the firm. It came to prominence in the early 1980s, largely through the work of the Ameri batch economist Baumol. The terror posed by the possibility of new firms entering the market is taken to be a key determinant of the behaviour of existing firms.Accordingly, barriers to entry and exit play a crucial role. Its fundamental feature is low barriers to entry and exit a perfectly contestable market would have no barriers to entry or exit. This means no sunk costs. drop costs will be low where the firm mint merchandise or in other ways dispose of its capital equipment without cost. For example, a new airline might lease aircraft rather than purchase them and stooge then leave the industry at the end of the lease plosive speech sound without the costs of having to sell its aircraft.Contestable markets are characterized by hit and run entry, whereby if a firm in a market with no entry or exit barriers rai ses its prices above average cost and begins to earn abnormal profits, capableness rivals will enter the market to take advantage of these profits. When the incumbent firms respond by returning prices to levels consistent with normal profits the new firms will exit. In this manner redden a monopoly market buns show super competitive behaviour (such as in perfect competition), as it fears potential competition.Such optimal behaviour applies to the full range of industry structures. Natural monopolies are of course not included in such a theory, as by its nature barriers to entry and exit exist. In this view of competition, the electric charge of causation between the market structure and competition is reversed from that of the static view. The theory of contestable markets sees contestability as influencing the performance and conduct of firms, and thus deciding on the resultant market structure.Perfect contestability would lead to firms earning normal profit, embodying cost-mi nimisation behaviour, resulting in a cost-minimisation structure (P=MC= AC), whatever the actual form of the market structure. Thus, the market structure is determined by the price and output decisions, or the behaviour, of firms. In a perfectly contestable market, there would exist profit equalisation across firms and industries, such as in perfect competition, even under market imperfections, such as a concentrated structure. Under a contestable market there would be maximisation of consumer welfare due to cost and price minimising.Contestable markets would also result in optimal firm sizes (economies of scale), product-mix (economies of scope) and industrial organisation (dynamic efficiency). Compared to the static view of competition, the contestable market views is not so much competition within the market, but competition for the market. precaution has been shifted away from actual competition to potential competition. Critics of this theory includes the argument that perfect ly contestable markets are rare, and thus should only be applied to specific cases.It is true that perfect contestability is an extreme, and should be viewed as a benchmark rather than the norm, but the same applies to perfect competition in the static view of competition. (Schwartz 1986). More empirical research is needed on the extent of chuck up the sponge entry and exit. Criticism has also been placed upon the reaction time of incumbents as new firms enter the market, which is also a hotly debated subject. Contradicting assumptions of ultra-free entry and the response of firms is another criticised aspect of the theory. (Shepherd, 1984, pp585)In terms of policy implications, the theory suggests that competition policy should be as much concerned with the levels of barriers to entry and exit in a market as with existing levels of competition. Synthesis? There is much debate as to whether contestable market theory is a synthesis of the static and dynamic views of competition. So me observers comment that the theory may even be an uprising from the traditional theories (Baumol, 1982), and to the other extreme where it is a guiltless extension of the traditional theories of competition.The theory of contestable markets incorporates important concepts from the static view of competition. The relationship between market structure and competition is a major factor in contestable market theory as it is in the static view, however in the former, as stated earlier, the causation is reversed. So the relationship is still key, albeit with market structure being dependent upon its firms behaviour. Furthermore, barriers to entry and exit, which are important in the static view in terms of its negative effects in allowing incumbents to earn scotch rent, are of prime importance in the new theory.Although the new theory turns it on its head and focuses on the positive effects of removing barriers, and the resultant competition that comes with it. Barriers are thus sign ificant market determinants. Thus for few contestable market theory provides a static equilibrium theory of industry structure which is generally more applicable than before. The theory also points towards some dynamic interpretation of markets. Firms are able to enter on an on-going basis, constraining market behaviour of incumbents.The degree of contestability of a market can change over time with technology, regulatory breakdown, or changes in other barriers altering the entry and exit conditions. An incumbent pricing optimally can protect them self against new entrants using the same technology, but cant protect against innovation or technological advancements. Furthermore, the threat of competition should lead to a faster rate of technological diffusion, as firms have to be particularly responsive to the changing needs of consumers. Thus dynamic aspects of competition are also important in the new theory.Baumol et al have argued the contestable theory as a new general system to replace the original static and dynamic views of competition. However their analysis should only be treated as a specialised, extreme set of conditions, which are unlikely to be found in reality, due to rigid assumptions of contestability theory. Some have even argued that little has been added to the pre-existing entry and exit analysis. (Shepherd, 1984). Conclusion Contestable market theory is an attempt to impose a dynamic mechanism upon a static equilibrium analysis, thus providing new and valuable insights into competition theory.It offers a host of new analytical methods, new tasks for empirical research, and new results. It allows the reconsideration of the domain of the invisible hand, yields contributions to the theory of oligopoly, provides a standard for policy that is far broader and more widely applicable than that of perfect competition, and leads to a theory that analyses the determination of industry structure endogenously and simultaneously with the analysis of t he other variables more traditionally treated in the theory of the firm and the industry.It aspires to provide a unifying theory as a nucleotide for the analysis of competition. The theory manages to blends in some aspects from both the static and dynamic analyses of competition, however shouldnt be seen as an overarching theory. It embodies a different focus to the two traditional views of competition, as already mentioned. It should be applied to unique situations, on which the assumptions of the theory are built. The new theory provides for a new dilemma rather than the final solution.

How Walmart Can Improve Sales Essay

1. What strategies would you recommend to current CEO Mike Duke?2. How send away Wal-Mart benefit from Internet retailing?The internet has interesting aspects and will definitely serve a growing market throughout the 21st Century. (David, P. 69) Wal-Mart.com all in allows customers slack and convenient access to Wal-Marts millions of products without leaving their homes 24 hours a day, 7 days a week and 365 days a year in turn will boost sales because Wal-Mart.com is able to display all products available, unlike inclose, which have limited space. As long as Wal-Mart.com continues to erect low prices and low shipping prices with the same quality of service, with easy checkout, it laughingstock be most profitable allowing Wal-Mart to benefit from internet retailing.3. How aggressively should Wal-Mart din internationally and where?I dont believe Wal-Mart should move progressively when puffing internationally. It is the right time to exsert internationally, anywhere east of t he North the States continent. Wal-Mart expanding internationally keeps them from being vulnerable to fluctuations of the U.S. dollar, allowing them to generate earnings from the countries east of the U.S. Wal-Mart should expand aggressively, which will allow customers all over the world to associate their trace with low cost, greatest selection of quality merchandise and highest standards of customer service. (David, P. 68)4. Should Wal-Mart expand the convenient store concept in China and other markets?I believe it is a good idea to expand the convenient store concept in China and other markets. According to Convenience insert News small formats are leading store growth in the Asia-Pacific region with traditional convenience stores seeing significant growth. China added to a greater extent than 4,000 new c-stores in the past 12 months. (Kress, 2012)5. Should Wal-Mart get a beachhead in Europe before competitors seize the initiative?