Athens-Greece Essays -- Ancient Greece Essays

Athens - GreeceDuring the fifth century of Ancient Greece the city-states of Athens and Sparta stand for two very different forms of living. Spartans directed their time towards their military capabilities while the Athenians were interested in comfort and culture. Spartas and Athens political and environmental differences along with their different views on women caused the two city-states to be very dissimilar. Two major forms of government existed during Ancient Greece oligarchy and democracy. The government in Sparta was controlled by an oligarchy in which the power was held by a group of five men called ephors. Working below the ephors was the Council of Elders and an Assembly. Male citizens over age sixty could serve on the Council while anyone, male or female, over the age of twenty could be a member of the Assembly.1 Though the citizens had little say in the decisions made by the government, the system worked effectively. It was the oligarchy in Sparta that jell a war-like attitude as its first priority in the city-state. Every man in the army fought with a great deal of passion for his country. The beliefs of Sparta were orientated around the state. The individual lived and died for the state. The government in Athens followed a very different course than that of Sparta. Upper class male citizens over the age of xxx were the only Athenians who held any right to vote. The democracy in Athens consiste...

Red Dress by Alice Munro Essay -- Red Dress Alice Munro

rose-cheeked Dress by Alice MunroThe short story Red Dress by Alice Munro is about a tender girls first high school dance. Her home and school environment determined her attitude towards the dance.This girls home life was bad. She was constantly put down mentally by her mother, even in front of her friend Lonnie, to the point that the narrator envied Lonnie on account that her mother died and she lived alone with her father. I doubt if she appreciates it. She enraged me, talking analogous this to Lonnie, as if Lonnie were grown up and I were still a child. Her mother was obscene in the house the description that is given would make one sick. It is verbalize that she did not take care of herself in the house, and exposed her lumpy veins to the in-house public. This probably made the narrator t... Red Dress by Alice Munro Essay -- Red Dress Alice MunroRed Dress by Alice MunroThe short story Red Dress by Alice Munro is about a young girls first high school dance. Her home and school environment determined her attitude towards the dance.This girls home life was bad. She was constantly put down mentally by her mother, even in front of her friend Lonnie, to the point that the narrator envied Lonnie on account that her mother died and she lived alone with her father. I doubt if she appreciates it. She enraged me, talking like this to Lonnie, as if Lonnie were grown up and I were still a child. Her mother was obscene in the house the description that is given would make one sick. It is said that she did not take care of herself in the house, and exposed her lumpy veins to the in-house public. This probably made the narrator t...

Essay --

Week 3 Discussion 1 Conceptual System DesignColorado Technical UniversityCS672 Systems engineer MethodsPooja KattimaniInstructor Professor John KingJanuary 20, 2014Conceptual System Design1. In accomplishing needs analysis in result to given deficiency, what type of reading you would include? Describe the process that you would use in developing necessary information?Information required to accomplish needs analysis in response to given deficiency is didactics of problem presented in specific quantitative and qualitative terms and with enough detail to justify progressing to next step. Problem statement must reflect true customer requirementsInformation necessary for accomplishing needs analysis is developed using the team approach process. Team approach is involving of customers, consumers, producers, suppliers as appropriate in order to identify the problem and define WHATs first. The objective of team approach process is to establish effective communication between all(preno minal) the parties involved in the team approach process. Among all parties involved in...

Social Issues in The House on Mango Street Essay -- essays research pa

The House on mango tree Street More than a StoryIn like a shots world there ar countless social problems. People be often treated as an inferior or as if they are less important for many incompatible reasons. In The House on Mango Street, the author Sandra Cisneros addresses these problems. Throughout the story Cisneros does a thorough job explaining and showing how these issues affect the public. This novel is written done the eyes of a young girl, Esperanza, growing up in a poor neighborhood where the lifestyles of the lower class are revealed. Cisneros points out that, in todays society, the expectation of women and their treatment, discrimination based on need, and discrimination because of a persons ethnicity are the major problems in society.Sandra Cisneros often shows us how women are treated as subordinates in a patriarchal society. In society the way women are supposed to better themselves is by marrying. Often women marry at a young age which Cisneros condemns in The House on Mango Street by stating that her friend, crack, should not have gotten married by sayingSally got married like we knew she would, young and not ready but married just the same. She met a marshmallow salesman at a school bazaar, and she married him in another(prenominal) state where its legal to lay down married before eighth grade. She has her husband and her house now, her pillowcases and her plates. She says she is in love, but I think she did it to escape. (101)This excerpt shows how Cisneros believes that she should not have gotten married at a young age when she says that Sally is young and not ready. The author also reinforces how women too often get married to escape. Esperanza tells us that after the women get married they are suppos... ...me to think when the cop car pulled in the alley going just as fast. (24)This quote shows that in their society people often did the wrong thing, but the people did everything with a good intention and that they are not just evil.Sandra Cisneros ends up conquering the social issues that had oppressed her. The role of a woman was rejected through her remaining independent. By her becoming successful and getting out of poverty the discrimination towards impoverished people is overcome. Lastly, she overcomes the racism by writing about it so that people everywhere can realize that it is wrong. Throughout The House on Mango Street womens roles and the way they are treated, the judging based upon wealth, and racism are major issues that Esperanza has to work to overcome.Works CitedCisneros, Sandra. The House on Mango Street. New York Vintage Books, 1991.

Development of Anthropology as a Discipline in the United States Essays

Development of Anthropology as a Discipline in the unify StatesI. Early History of Anthropology in the United States 1870-1900The roots of anthropology lie in the eye-witness accounts of travelers who have journeyed to lands on the margins of state-based societies and described their cultures and in the efforts of individuals who have analyzed the information collected. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, a number of anthropologists recognized that the practice of anthropology was intimately linked to commerce and colonial expansion. (Patterson 1)There were essentially three schools of anthropological thinking by the First realness War and after. The first, cultural determinism, maintained by Franz Boas and his students, stressed the interrelation of ethnology, linguistics, folklore, archaeology as an autonomous academic discipline (Patterson 55). The second was physical anthropology, whose major index was Ales Hrdlicka of the National Museum it stressed biology and wanted physical anthropology to be a distinct academic discipline. The third was the eugenics movement, propagated by Charles B Davenport, it maintained that the status of eugenics, or racial hierarchization, was a legitimate science and asserted the supremacy of White Anglo-Saxon Protestants. Because of page constraints we will not examine closely physical anthropology, as it is not absolutely vital in a treatment of the development of anthropology as a discipline, but briefly it is the application of biological data and principles to the reading man in society. Anthropology in the United States in the end immediately following the Revolution and the drafting of the constitution was used to fulfill three purposes (1) ruminate a national iden... ...f Columbias first instructors in anthropology he used his positions at the American Museum of Natural History and Columbia University to train a generation of anthropologists. Boas, by 1932, had instructed a sizeable number of people from these marg inalized groups, who were lumped together as savages or inferior races. We must remember however, as Dr. Paterson points out, that, Anthropology was professionalized during a period characterized by intense discrimination against people of color, immigrants, women, and poor folks (65). Works CitedBoas, Franz. Report on the Academic Teaching of Anthropology. In American Anthropologist, 2141-48, 1919.Kroeber, A.L. The stance of Anthropology in Universities. In American Anthropologist, 56 754-767, 1954.Patterson, Thomas C. A Social History of Anthropology in the United States. Oxford Berg, 2001.

Character of Sydney Carton in A Tale of Two Cities :: Tale Two Cities Essays

Character of Sydney Carton in A Tale of Two Cities   A Tale of Two Cities, set in dickens European cities torn by war, Charles Dickens paradoxically introduces his story, It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the pass of despair, we had everything before us, we had nonhing before us,...in short, the period was nothing like the present, that some of its noisiest authorities insisted on its being received, for good or for evil, in the superlative detail for comparison only. In fact, the author negatively introduces specific characters, giving them an obscured identity. First portrayed as a shy, young man, Sydney Carton, constantly suffering debasing comments make by his ostensibly intelligent co-worker, seems unable to overcome his pre-deter mined life of unhappiness. Ironically, the jackal finally began to feel alive upon his choice to sacrifice his life to the Guillotine. Probably the most distinct character transformation was that of Sydney Carton as, ultimately, preconceived notions prove to have been deceiving, as the character began to exhibit another facet of true personality.   Young Sydney Carton, associate of Mr. Stryver, appears quite an glum upon his introduction at the Old Bailey. Mr. Carton, who had so long sat looking at the ceiling of the court, changed neither in place nor his attitude, even in this excitement. This one man sat leaning back...his hands in his pockets, and his eyes on the ceiling as they had been all day. Something especially reckless in his demeanor, not only gave him a disreputable look, but so diminished the strong resemblance he undoubtedly bore to the prisoner. Due to being unsocial and pessimistic, Carton is acquainted(predicate) with leading a life of solitude. However, while his expression and attitude may have not allowed him to seem an observant man, he took in more of the expand of the seen than he appear to take in. In fact, he was the first man to see Lucy Manettes head droop upon her fathers breast.

Character of Sydney Carton in A Tale of Two Cities :: Tale Two Cities Essays

Character of Sydney Carton in A Tale of Two Cities   A Tale of Two Cities, set in 2 European cities torn by war, Charles Dickens paradoxically introduces his story, It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the overwinter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nonhing before us,...in short, the period was nothing like the present, that some of its noisiest authorities insisted on its being received, for good or for evil, in the superlative peak for comparison only. In fact, the author negatively introduces specific characters, giving them an obscured identity. First portrayed as a shy, young man, Sydney Carton, constantly suffering debasing comments make by his ostensibly intelligent co-worker, seems unable to overcome his pre-determi ned life of unhappiness. Ironically, the jackal finally began to feel alive upon his choice to sacrifice his life to the Guillotine. Probably the most limpid character transformation was that of Sydney Carton as, ultimately, preconceived notions prove to have been deceiving, as the character began to exhibit another facet of true personality.   Young Sydney Carton, associate of Mr. Stryver, appears sort of glum upon his introduction at the Old Bailey. Mr. Carton, who had so long sat looking at the ceiling of the court, changed neither in place nor his attitude, even in this excitement. This one man sat leaning back...his hands in his pockets, and his eyes on the ceiling as they had been all day. Something especially reckless in his demeanor, not only gave him a disreputable look, but so diminished the strong resemblance he undoubtedly bore to the prisoner. Due to being unsocial and pessimistic, Carton is well-known(prenominal) with leading a life of solitude. Howe ver, while his expression and attitude may have not allowed him to seem an observant man, he took in more of the inside information of the seen than he appear to take in. In fact, he was the first man to see Lucy Manettes head droop upon her fathers breast.

The Amazing World of Laughter & it Super Healing Power

Agriculture the account of producing crops from the land, with an emphasis on practical applications Anatomy the report of form and function, in plants, animals, and some other organisms, or specifically in humans Arachnology the find out of arachnidsAstro biological science the study of evolution, distribution, and future of career in the universe besides known as exobiology, exopaleontology, and bioastronomy Biochemistry the study of the chemical reactions required for life to exist and function, usually a focus on the cellular level Bioengineering the study of biology through the heart of engineering with an emphasis on applied knowledge and especially related to bio engine room Biogeography the study of the distribution of species spatially and temporally Bioinformatics the use of information technology for the study, collection, and storage of genomic and other biological data Biomathematics (or Mathematical biology) the quantitative or mathematical study of biolo gical processes, with an emphasis on modelingBiomechanics often considered a pegleg of medicine, the study of the mechanics of living beings, with an emphasis on applied use through prosthetics or orthotics Biomedical research the study of the human body in health and disease Biomusicology study of music from a biological point of view. Biophysics the study of biological processes through physics, by applying the theories and methods traditionally used in the somatogenic sciences Biotechnology a new and slightlytimes controversial branch of biology that studies the manipulation of living matter, including genetic modification and synthetic biology Building biology the study of the indoor living environment Botany the study of plantsCell biology the study of the cell as a complete unit, and the molecular and chemical interactions that fall out within a living cell Conservation biology the study of the preservation, protection, or restoration of the natural environment, n atural ecosystems, vegetation, and wildlife Cryobiology the study of the effects of lower than usually preferred temperatures on living beings Developmental biology the study of the processes through which an organism forms, from zygote to full structure Ecology the study of the interactions of living organisms with oneness other and with the non-living elements of their environment Embryology the study of the development of embryo (from fecundation to birth) Entomology the study of insectsEnvironmental biology the study of the natural world, as a whole or in a particular area, especially as affected by human activity Epidemiology a major component of public health research, studying factors affecting the health of worlds Epigenetics the study of heritable changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA order Ethology the study of animal behavior Evolutionary biology the study of the origin and descent of species over time Genetics the study of genes and heredity Hematology ( also known as Haematology ) the study of blood and blood forming organs.Herpetology the study of reptiles and amphibians Histology the study of cells and tissues, a microscopic branch of anatomy Ichthyology the study of fish compositional biology the study of whole organisms Limnology the study of inland waters Mammalogy the study of mammals Marine biology (or Biological oceanography) the study of ocean ecosystems, plants, animals, and other living beings Microbiology the study of microscopic organisms (microorganisms) and their interactions with other living things Molecular biology the study of biology and biological functions at the molecular level, some cross over with biochemistry Mycology the study of fungiNeurobiology the study of the nervous system, including anatomy, physiology and pathology Oncology the study of cancer processes, including virus or mutation oncogenesis, angiogenesis and tissues remoldings Ornithology the study of birds Population biology the study of groups of conspecific organisms, including Population ecology the study of how population dynamics and extinction Population genetics the study of changes in gene frequencies in populations of organisms Paleontology the study of fossils and sometimes geographic evidence of prehistoric life Pathobiology or pathology the study of diseases, and the causes, processes, nature, and development of disease Parasitology the study of parasites and parasitismPharmacology the study and practical application of preparation, use, and effects of drugs and synthetic medicines Physiology the study of the functioning of living organisms and the organs and part of living organisms Phytopathology the study of plant diseases (also called Plant Pathology) Psychobiology the study of the biological bases of psychology Sociobiology the study of the biological bases of sociology Structural biology a branch of mol ecular biology, biochemistry, and biophysics pertain with the molecular structure of biological macromoleculesSynthetic Biology- research integrating biology and engineering construction of biological functions not found in nature Virology the study of viruses and some other virus-like agents Zoology the study of animals, including classification, physiology, development, and behavior (branches include Entomology, Ethology, Herpetology, Ichthyology,Mammalogy, and Ornithology) History of Philippine Money Philippine moneymulti-colored threads woven into the fabric of our social, political and sparing life.From its early bead-like form to the reputation notes and coins that we know today, our money has been a constant reminder of our journey through centuries as a people relating with one another and with other peoples of the world. Pre-Hispanic Era Trade among the early Filipinos and with traders from the neighboring islands was conducted through barter. The inconvenience of bart er later led to the use of some objects as medium of exchange. Gold, which was freehanded in many parts of the islands, invariably found its way into these objects that included the piloncitos, small bead-likeb gold bits considered by the local numismatists as the earliest coin of the antediluvian Filipinos, and gold barter rings. Spanish Era (1521-1897) Three hundred years of Spanish rule left many indelible imprints on Philippine numismatics.At the break off of the Spanish regime, Philippine money was a multiplicity of currencies that included Mexican pesos, Alfonsino pesos and copper coins of other currencies. The cobs or macuquinas of colonial mints were the earliest coins brought in by the galleons from Mexico and other Spanish colonies. The silver dos mundos or pillar dollar is considered one of the worlds most beautiful coins. The barilla, a crude bronze or copper coin worth about one centavo, was the first coin struck in the countrified. Coins from other Spanish colonies also reached the Philippines and were counterstamped. Gold coins with the portrait of baron Isabela were minted in Manila. Silver pesos with the profile of young Alfonso XIII were the last coins minted in Spain.The pesos fuertes, issued by the countrys first bank, the El Banco Espanol Filipino de Isabel II, were the first paper money circulated in the country. Revolutionary Period (1898-1899) Asserting its independence, the Philippine Republic of 1898 under General Emilio Aguinaldo issued its own coins and paper gold backed by the countrys natural resources. One peso and five peso notes printed as Republika Filipina Papel Moneda de Un Peso and Cinco Pesos were freely circulated. 2 centimos de peso copper were also issued in 1899. The American Period (1900-1941) The Americans instituted a monetary system for the Philippine based on gold and pegged the Philippine peso to the American dollar at the ratio of 21. The US Congress approved the Coinage Act for the Philippines in 1903.The coins issued under the system bore the designs of Filipino engraver and artist, Melecio Figueroa. Coins in denomination of one-half centavo to one peso were minted. The renaming of El Banco Espanol Filipino to Bank of the Philippine Islands in 1912 paved the way for the use of English from Spanish in all notes and coins issued up to 1933. Beginning whitethorn 1918, treasury certificates replaced the silver certificates series, and a one-peso note was added. The Japanese Occupation (1942-1945) The outbreak of World War II caused serious disturbances in the Philippine monetary system. 2 kinds of notes circulated in the country during this period. The Japanese Occupation Forces issued war notes in big denominations.Provinces and municipalities, on the other hand, issued their own guerrilla notes or resistance currencies, most of which were clear by the Philippine government in-exile, and partially redeemed after the war. The Philippine Republic A nation in command of its destiny is the message reflected in the evolution of Philippine money under the Philippine Republic. Having gained independence from the United States following the end of World War II, the country used as currency old treasury certificates overprinted with the word Victory. With the establishment of the Central Bank of the Philippines in 1949, the first currencies issued were the English series notes printed by the Thomas de la atone & Co. , Ltd.in England and the coins minted at the US Bureau of Mint. The Filipinazation of the Republic coins and paper money began in the late 60s and is carried through to the present. In the 70s, the Ang Bagong Lipunan (ABL) series notes were circulated, which were printed at the Security Printing Plant starting 1978. A new wave of change swept through the Philippine coinage system with the flora and fauna coins initially issued in 1983. These series featured national heroes and species of flora and fauna. The new design series of banknotes issued in 1985 r eplaced the ABL series. Ten years later, a new act of coins and notes were issued carrying the logo of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas.

Literature: Spanish Language Essay

Philippine literature is the literature associated with the Philippines and includes the legends of prehistory, and the colonial legacy of the Philippines. Most of the notable literature of the Philippines was written during the Spanish boundary and the first half of the twentieth century in Spanish language. Philippine literature is written inSpanish, English, Tagalog, and/or other native Philippine languages.-Classical literature in Spanish (19th Century)On December 1, 1846, La Esperanza, the first daily newspaper, was published in the country. Other early newspapers were La Estrella (1847), Diario de Manila (1848) and Boletin Oficial de Filipinas (1852). The first provincial newspaper was El Eco de Vigan (1884), which was issued in Ilocos. In Cebu City El Boletn de Ceb (The Bulletin of Cebu), was published in 1890. On 1863, the Spanish govern workforcet introduced a system of free public nurture that had an important effect on the ability of the population to read in Spanish and further in the rise of an educated class called the Ilustrado (meaning, well-informed). Spanish became the well-disposed language of urban places and the true lingua franca of the archipelago. A good number of Spanish newspapers were published until the end of the 1940s, the most influential of them being El Renacimiento, printed in Manila by members of the Guerrero de Ermita family.Some members of the ilustrado group, while residing or studying in Spain, decided to start a literary production in Spanish with the fetch of serving the autonomy and/or independence projects. Members of this group included Pedro Alejandro Paterno, who wrote the novel Nnay (first novel written by a Filipino) the Philippine subject area hero, Jos Rizal, who wrote excellent poetry and two famous novels in Spanish Noli Me Tangere (Touch Me Not), and El Filibusterismo. A potent tool in promoting Filipino nationalism in Spanish was the foundation of La Solidaridad (more fondly called La Sol by the members of the propagandamovement) in 15 February 1885. With the help of this organ, Filipino national heroes wish Jos Rizal, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Marcelo H. del Pilar, etc. were able to fathom out their sentiments.Poetry and metrical romances* Ladino Poems Were natives of first Tagalog versifiers who saw print highly literate in both Spanish and the vernacular. * Corridos Were widely read during the Spanish period that filled the populaces need for entertainment as well as edifying reading matter in their leisure moments. * Awit like corridos, these were also widely read during the Spanish period as entertaining, edifying, reading manner in their leisure time. It is also a fabrication of the writers imagination although the characters and the ground may be European. The structure is rendered dodecasyllabic quatrains.ProseThe prose works of the Spanish Period consisted mostly of didatic pieces and translations of religious writings in foreign languages.editDramaseditReligious drama* The Panunuluyan Literally, seeking entrance, the Tagalog version of the Mexican Las Posadas. Held on the eve of delivery boymas, it dramatizes Josephs and Marys search for Bethlehem. * Cenaculo Was the dramatization of the passion and death of Jesus Christ. * Salubong An Easter play that dramatizes the meeting of the Risen Christ and His Mother. * Moriones Refers to the participants dressed roman soldiers, their identities hidden behind colorful, sometimes grotesque, wooden masks. * The Santacruzan Performed during the month of May which have the devotion for the Holy Cross. It depicts St. Elenas search for the cross on which Christ died. * Pangangaluwa An interesting socio-religious practice on All Saints Day which literally means for The Soul.Secular dramasThese were generally held during the nine nights of vigil and prayers aft(prenominal) someones death, on the first death anniversary when the family members put away their mourning clothes. * The Karagatan comes from th e legendarypractice of testing the mettle of young men vying for a maidens hand. The maidens ring would be dropped into sea and whoever retrieves it would have the girls hand in marriage. * The Duplo A forerunner of the balagtasan. The performances consist of two teams One composed of young women called Dupleras or Belyakas and the other, of young men called Dupleros orBelyakos. * The Comedia It is about a courtly love between, a prince and a princess of contrary religions. It is about a Christian-Muslim relationship. *-Modern literature (20th and 21st century)The greatest portion of Spanish literature was written during the American period, most often as an rule of pro-Hispanic nationalism, by those who had been educated in Spanish or had lived in the Spanish-speaking society of the big cities, and whose principles entered in conflict with the American cultural trends. Such period of Spanish literary productioni.e., between the independence of Spain in 1898 and well ahead into the decade of the 1940sis known as Edad de Oro del Castellano en Filipinas.Some enceinte writers of this era were Wenceslao Retana and Claro Mayo Recto, both in drama and essay Antonio M. Abad and Guillermo Gomez Wyndham, in the narrative Fernando Mara Guerrero and Manuel Bernab, both in poetry. The predominant literary expression was the so-called Modernismo, a mixture of elements from the French Parnassien and Symboliste schools, as promoted by some Latin American and Peninsular Spanish writers (e.g. the Nicaraguan Rubn Daro, the Mexican Amado Nervo, the Spaniard Francisco Villaespesa, and the Peruvian Jos Santos Chocano as major models).

Stereotyping Using Racial Profiling

Kiara Jacobs Dr. Benie Colvin English 1101 M, W, F 4 November 2012 Stereotyping using Racial Profiling As a society, good deal play into the dates, culture, and beliefs of a someone and within proceedings pile make an assumption of who they are. Society takes one look at a somebody and based on their race, instantly draw a conclusion upon them without even a genuflectg them their name. Stereotyping has been around for centuries the most commonly used stereotypes involve race. race use racial stereotyping based on what society deems that race to be, without first getting to whop that person in order to draw individual valid conclusions about them. When people are using racial stereotypes, they often think that they are better than the other person based on the color of their skin. In the article Stereotypes by Saul McLeod, he uses research on stereotypes by Katz and Braly which states, Not surprisingly, racial stereotypes always seem to favor the race of the holder and belittle other races (McLeod,Katz,Braly).A person who is set on pre-judging someone is that they are better than someone of another race. Some feel as though no one of another racial background can equal to them or is not even worthy to sit and eat with them, all because they do not have the same skin color. People cannot choose what race they want to be. As people belittle each others races, those that they belittle whitethorn be left thinking, together they are sincerely better because they are black, white, Latino, or Indian. The media also plays a significant role in racial stereotyping.It is known to influence the minds of many from children to adults. They set forth an assure of unalike racial backgrounds and portray it to the public. In a hosted article by New York Amsterdam news called Media Blamed for Negative Stereotyping of Black Males, it states, This false image not only affects race relations can be predetermined for them by suggestions in the media(Media Blamed for Negati ve Stereotyping of Black Males. ). The media adds to racial stereotyping because it gives people more(prenominal) reason to continue to judge a person from of their skin color.It also gives the motive for judgment because the media reflects how contemporary society is shaped. They categorize African Americans with drugs and crime, Caucasians with living the vitality of luxury, and all Hispanics with being in the United States illegally. Societies whitethorn absorb these opinions in their head by viewing television, and automatically think they know a person. The media puts different racial backgrounds in certain categories and makes it hard to diversify the perception of that racial background because that is all they portray them to be.However, the images that may be shown on television, in a magazine, or on the news does not define a whole set of people. Regrettably, stereotyping someone seems much easier than actually getting to know them. People look at an individual race an d quickly identify the characteristics that are forced upon them, when in actuality they are nothing like the label society has associated them with. As a society, people should take the time and opportunity to get to know a person as an individual instead of placing them into a category. Stereotyping Seeing Beyond starting time impressions, an article from the Boston College states , Just like when people are stereotyping you, you should get to know them better because there is a lot more to a person than first impressions (Stereotyping Seeing Beyond First impressions. ) Taking time out to get to know person intimately as an individual may be difficult for some in their head they already have drawn a conclusion about them. However, few minutes of conversation can change a persons perspective.A barrier can be broken and opinions can change allowing realization to set in and determine that all people who have the same racial background are not the same. A person may look at all Afri can Americans as earthy and illiterate. Their entire perception of African Americans may change after getting to know one who is the opposite of what society claims them to be. Therefore, taking a couple of minutes to get to know someone can break a persons racial stereotypical barrier. Stereotypes in general are hard to overcome. People who are used to hearing stereotypes repeatedly conform to them. Stereotyping Seeing Beyond First impressions also states, One thing to be careful of is becoming more like the stereotype because another person labeled you (Stereotyping Seeing Beyond First impressions). Conformity to stereotypes may occur because individuals may feel that they are bandaged to be the way society has claimed them to be. Racial stereotyping is very difficult to defeat. Individuals have to stand up and claim that they will not be what society may label them to be. Individuals have to prove that they are their own person and not what someone has labeled them to be.It is a difficult task trying to defy the odds of conforming to a stereotype, especially when it is everywhere. Racial stereotyping has a significant impact on the world. It affects the way individuals may treat one another and how communication and ideas may deteriorate tho because two people do not represent the same race. Some individuals miss a good opportunity of getting to know different aspects of good people. They are blind to the fact that learning new things about a different culture or race could broaden their association in the world. No one should be looked at differently because of their skin color.For society to make a change for the better, people have to be sharp and strong to form their own opinion. People should not let the media, other people or family members influence their thought on a person just because they do not look like them. Works Cited Stereotypes. Stereotypes. Trustees of Boston College, 29 Mar. 20010. Web. 05 Nov. 2012. . Media blamed for negative st ereotyping of Black males. New York Amsterdam News serial online. May 31, 199713. addressable from MAS Ultra School Edition, Ipswich, MA. Accessed November 5, 2012.

Motivate or influence behavior Essay

Communication is defined by the text as the process by which avouchation is exchanged and understood by two or more people, usually with the intent to motivate or influence behavior.____ is necessary for communication to be considered two-way. FeedbackWhich of the following, in the communication process, has the responsibility to decode the symbols and interpret the meaning of the message? Receiver____ and ____ are potential sources for communication errors, because knowledge, attitudes, and background act as filters. Decoding, encryptionChannel richness refers to theamount of information that can be transmitted during a communication episode.Which communication channel would be most(prenominal) successful to inform managers of impending company-wide layoff? Face-to-face contactWhen an electronic mail system is installed as part of the communication system, what element of the communication process is changed? Channel____ does not counseling on a single receiver, uses limited inf ormation cues, and does not permit feedback. BulletinsCompared to men, women tend touse their unique conversational style to show involvement.Which of the following is the most familiar and obvious flow of formal communication? Downward communication____ refers to messages designed to motivate employees to adopt the companys mission and cultural determine and to participate in special ceremonies. IndoctrinationMany establishments use suggestion boxes, open door policies, and surveys to facilitate centralizedWhich of the following links employees in all directions, ranging from the chair through middle management, support staff, and line employees? The grapevineWhat percent of the details passed through a grapevine is accurate? 70 to 90 percentharmonize to the text, all of the following are ways managers can improve their writing skills EXCEPT Write lengthy explanationsOne of the most important things that a manager can do for the organization, according to the text, is to create a climate of trust and openness.Managers communication is _______-directed, in that it directs everyones attention toward the vision, values, and desired goals of the team or organization and influences people to act in a way to achieve the goals. purposeWhich of the following is the best advice for written communication that is highly important? Get a second opinionTo be effective communicators, managers shouldEncourage the use of multiple channels of communication

How Technology Enhances Teaching and Learning Essay

Students at the Owen Schools Strategy in the New thrift seminar enter a schoolroom that looks like any other, except that a projection system and video screen contrive been inst every(prenominal)ed. Their professor announces that today they impart be joined by a guest crushr, a senior VP from a Fortune 500 corporation. What makes this guest lecture unique is that the students are sitting in a Nashville segmentationroom but the guest lecturer is speaking from his home office in Estonia, via video engine room.This is an example of unmatchable of the fictive ways faculty members at Vanderbilt are using applied science to enhance their students learn. In the scene described above, Owen prof David Owens, along with prof Bart Victor, employment video conferencing to bring an international guest speaker to their organization studies seminar. Across the University, faculty are using technology to help students master subjects from elementary and alternate school instruction to bioengineering to structural equation modeling. They are developing their own skills while making students comfortable with the technology that will help them be successful after leaving Vanderbilt. As they introduce more and more technology into the schoolroom, faculty are finding it raises the quality of class discussion and involves students ofttimes more deeply in their own commandment.The employers of today are tone for the very stovepipe employees to fill positions in their organizations. The in demand(p) traits of an employee engagementd to be pertain on experience. The more experienced an appli cigarettet was, the more likely they were to get the job for which they applied. Today, employers are not only looking for experience, they are also looking for a person that has a degree in the field. Employers bedevil begun to realize the importance of strategic signifying and leadership skills that an education affords. Beca spend of this shift in desired qualifications, modern adults drive home been unable to adequately compete in the job market. The aforementioned time and responsibility constraints, as well as the fact that they have been focused on building the experience that was previously desired has put adults at a disadvantage. Being able to obtain a college degree via technology-based education methods has greatly reduced that disadvantage. It has also had an impact on their ability to execute the functions of the position when thejob is obtained.For this issue of the T individuallying Forum, we spoke to four Vanderbilt faculty members, each of whom is using technology to enhance their students learning.Owen Management Professor David Owens uses videoconference links to bring in guest speakers and incorporates video and audio technology into most of his lectures.Psychology Professor Andy Tomarken teaches methods and statistics courses in a computer lab, allowing him to integrate traditional lecture with demonstration projects using the me thods he is teaching.Peabody Professor Margaret Smithey guides her students in the preparation of multi-media classroom presentations including clips from the Internet, video, audio, and news pull in footage. She has opened an e-conference for interns from her courses who want to stay in touch with their fellow students and professors, and she maintains a library of digitized video clips, taken from live and simulated classroom settings.Department of biomedical Engineering Chair Tom Harris directs a new NSF-funded center focused on developing technology-based bioengineering teaching materials and curriculum. He is collaborating with several partners, including Peabody Professor butt Bransford.What Technology Brings to the Classroom What these faculty members have in common, and what they share with many others across the campus, is a commitment to exploring the opportunities technology offers for improving the quality of classroom instruction.Professor Margaret Smithey describes how technology allows her to capitalize on unexpected turns in class discussion. Yesterday afternoon my students had specific questions astir(predicate) classroom management, so at that point I said lets look at these scenarios that I have on a CD. The CD brought to lifetheir questions. I think seeing positive classroom scenarios related to their questions makes learning come alive for my students better than if I gave my opinion or told a story.Professor Tomarken, who teaches advanced statistics and methods classes, says incorporating computers into class discussion can also make extremely difficult courses much easier for students to grasp. whizz of the challenges of teaching advanced statistics to students who often lack a strong math background is translating theoretic stuff into a workable set of concrete analysis, Tomarken says. I find that its really important to talk about different types of models from the point of consider of specific problems and thats really where the ability in class to have stuff be on the projection system is critical.Access to a computer-equipped classroom can also be important. I like to get students interacting with software in the class, Tomarken says. I find if you just send them home to do it on their own, they run into real problems. When they follow me, typing in on their own computers, that facilitates their learning.Last semester, Tomarken also faced another problem the lack of a ripe textbook for teaching structural equation modeling to social science students that he solved using technology. in that location is no book that is perfect, that really is appropriate, for this class. on that point are either books that tend to be too easy or too hard or just not broad enough in scope. Tomarken solved this problem using the Prometheus system, by placing his lecture notes on the web. This not only replaced the textbook, it allowed students to spend more time focused on the lecture and slight time copying formulas f rom the board. I told them, you dont have to write anything, its all on the web, just listen.Technology Changes training, Not Teachers While all the faculty members interviewed for this article believe technology has great provide to influence their teaching, no one feels it fundamentally changes them as instructors.Ive always wanted a very interactive classroom, Smithey says. I want it to be very theoretically based and I know exactly what I want my students to learn. I think technology has improved the quality of what we can access. Smithey also emphasizes the importance of technology being used for a clear purpose. I never want to use technology just for technologys sake but to support my students learning.Professor Tomarken feels that integrating statistical software and visual models into his courses means he comes into class better prepared but doesnt think it changes him as a teacher. I usually am pretty interactive with the class. He does, however, credit the handiness of computers with reducing the passivity factor in his classes. They have to type things in, they have to click on the mouse. I think its pretty lively in a lot of ways.How Technology Enhances Learning Professor Owens, Smithey, and Tomarken all feel they can see technology enhancing their students learning, bad-temperedly when students use the technology directly. David Owens requires his students to do at least one group project but over the Internet. Theyre not allowed to do it face to face, Owens says. They arent allowed to say, Ill call you tonight. They have to do everything virtually. In this project, they have a lot to figure out about group process, what things are done best face to face, what things are done best asynchronously, what things are done best in an anonymous chat room. And they figure it out. Itsso much more powerful than my sitting up in that location saying the group process models showProfessor Smithey requires her students to complete a series of computer assignments from a course CD that she has developed. Smithey values these pre-class assignments because they save classroom time and improve the quality of class discussion. When the students complete their CD assignments, they come to class with a common context. We are able then to discuss particular class dilemmas or teaching dilemmas that everyone has watched, analyzed and reflected upon. So, we can start thither and go with our class discussion rather than having to take 20 or 30 minutes of classshowing the video and asking the specific questions. Theyve done all that in the computer lab.Technology can also improve the kinetics between teachers and students, often leading to enhanced learning. Students can see youre doing a lot of work to further their education and I think that theres an appreciation factor that ultimately contributes to their own motivation, Tomarken says.Students who may question how much their professors care about teaching can also see recite of the tim e and trouble taken to prepare for class. I think sometimes graduate students, or possibly even undergraduate students, go in with the brain that this teachers doesnt really give a darn about teaching and I think using technology is a real way of communication yes I do, Tomarken adds.Technology Brings Challenges Introducing technology into the classroom can also bring a set of challenges. First among them is finding the time needed to incorporate new technology into courses. Professor Smithey not only uses the technology herself but also requires her student to produces multi-media projects during the semester. If youre overtaking to ask the students to do such a repugn project, you have to be available to them. You have to have support. There has to be some relief time to learn about the technology. You dont have to know the details of technology but you have to understand it well enough that you can envision what your students need to know about using it.The technology itself can fail, leaving an instructor to resort to back up. Technology also changes rapidly and it takes time to keep up with technical changes that influence how equipment and software cause in the classroom. Professor Owens points to a digitized news show he purchased from CBS I have the CD in here and one of my fears is that someday Ill set out it in the classroom and it wont work. Its a constant upkeep.Professors Tomarken and Owens also note that having computers in the classroom can distract students from the class itself. Teaching in aclassroom equipped with computers actually introduces the potential for students to be doing something on the computer that doesnt have anything to do with the class, Tomarken says.I occasionally go parading around and check out what people are up to, Owens says. Some people take notes on the computer, some people try to get the lecture slides up on their screen so they can see them up close, some people do e-mail, surf the net, do whatever. He agre es with Tomarken that students personal use of computers in class is an issue that needs to be examined, through whether thats worse than day dreaming I dont know.Need for University concentrate Support by the University for the use of technology is also critical. Bringing technology into the classroom uses resources ranging from computers to classrooms to graduate assistants, and university wide coordination is essential for ensuring an effective learning environment for students.One element that is essential is support in the form of graduate students to help students with technology, Smithey says. It is impossible for one faculty member to support an entire class of students in creating innovative ways to use technology. You can continue to use CDs that you have in your own library, you can continue to connect to the Internet from the classroom, but additional faculty support is necessary to take technology use to the next level of requiring our students to use technology in a way that prepares them for using it in the future classrooms.Physical facilities are also important. Keeping the technology in working order is crucial but so are other issues such as ensuring a classrooms physical design supports the best possible use of the technology. You have a very real problem if you have big nice screens and nice projectors but the screen is in front of the white board if you want to write and have slides at the same time, its difficult if not impossible, Owens says.Moving Forward with Technology As the University moves towards an increasingly coordinated approach to the use of technology, several effortsare underway at Vanderbilt to encounter just how technology can be used to most effectively enhance learning. One effort is the VaNTH warmness in Bioengineering Educational Technologies, a joint effort between Vanderbilt, Harvard University, University of Texas, and Northwestern. Among is several priorities is research into the value of technology, such as web-based education for teaching bioengineering. The research team is collaborating with specialists from the Learning Technology Center at Peabody and with the Institute for Software Integrated Systems (ISIS).Its recognized that bioengineering teaching materials are not very well developed and there is not a broad consensus on bioengineering curricula, says Thomas R. Harris, chair of Vanderbilts Department of Biomedical Engineering. We need a new way to look at bioengineering education. Why not use the modern methods that weve been developing in the learning sciences and learning technology, and really take a look at this from an entirely new point of view?The result is a $10 million NSF grant for Vanderbilt and its academic partners to develop a new curriculum in bioengineering, one that utilizes fundamental principles of learning science and is driven by technology, web based technology, simulations, slides, interactive systems, and tutoring and homework systems, Harris says.Alth ough the grant focuses on the development of bioengineering, the collaboration between Peabodys Learning Technology Center and the Department of Biomedical Engineering has the potential to benefit students and faculty in all areas of the university because part of the research involves determining exactly which technological tools best enhance learning.One of the things of concern is that in higher education a lot of people are very critical of technology as being just a waste of time and money and so forth. Well, is that right or not? Harris asks.If a particular piece of learning technology is no good, were going to be happy to identify it as such. Wed like to be able to guide the decision ofeducators and administrators about what is effective and what is not. And if you can begin to show major advances for some of this, then the justification for the additional investment is there.Another potential benefit this research offers is the hazard to develop a much better understanding of the kinds of resources required for faculty to use technology in ways that consistently enhance student learning.There could be a small investment that could dramatically increase our speciality if we do it right, Harris says. Thats the key. We have to know how to do it and what to do. So if we get in and do research in this center and we find out some of the mistakes and things you ought to avoid, I think that you could tailor a system that could dramatically increase effectiveness and make faculty more effective.Harris believes that effective use of technology has the potential to transform the student-teacher family at the undergraduate level. I think were going to see a revolution in the interaction between students and teachers, he says. I think the relationship to undergraduates is going to become more like the relationship to graduate students in the sense of more direct personal interaction. By using technology were going to be able to use the power of the person, who they are and what they are. The teachers inspirational role is going to become much greater.Like Harris, Professors Owens, Smithey and Tomarken also see new opportunities to use technology in the classroom. David Owens wants to pursue his interest in virtual teams by developing a course run exclusively on the Internet. Andy Tomarken plans to continue integrating computer interaction with more traditional classroom activities. Margaret Smithey would like to use videoconference links to allow her students to observe a live classroom setting and then interview the teacher afterward, all via video. In each case, these faculty members, like many others across the University, will continue to use technology to challenge both themselves and their students.

Project Management Careers

Project Management Fall 2012 Search the internet for terms image management, project management lifes, project portfolio management, information engineering project management. Write down the number hits that you received for each of these phrases find at least 3 mesh sites that provide interesting information on one of the topics write a two page paper summarizing key information about these 3 weather vane sites as well as project management institutions Web site (www. pmi. org).Gant charts were dominantly used in the beggings of project management however in the 1950s Entire jobs and professional careers were made around the idea of a project manager. Now in beginning of the 21st century technology has revolutionized the field of project management once again. My research and search results have shown that Project Management Jobs have sustained demand over the last 8 years compared to the general field of technology jobs which has seen steep decline since 2004. Google Trends An alysisOne of the articles I had read form InformationWeek was titled Project management Gets Lean (IT displacet afford to do projects the old way. Lean project management gives a better picture of success or failure. ) In this article they explain a scenario where workers feel same projects are happening to them and not because of them. The article goes on to say that, Project managers can get so wrapped up in Gantt chars and forecasting that they much dont look at the overall picture and this can lead to scope skewing or project failure.Managers have to start approaching projects as Participation over Compliance. Compliance makes everyone feel like a captive prisoner where was participation can give the individual the perception of being a part of the solution. It is staff attitude which often accounts for a projects success or failure. Also if a group does not understand a project is can often add confusion that may hinder the perceived success of an assignment. If at all possi ble it is best to keep it simple adding complexity to the user is often not a requirement of a complex system.All users are not power users and do not require the grandiose system that focal ratio users need. It is not a coincidence that Information applied science people often look to project management when they are interested in a career change. Both fields have Rigid deadlines, tight budgets, require careful planning, painstaking deployments all of which are common variables Information Technology and project management. It is touchy to classify a project as success for failure because most often projects in the IT field are never complete.As summed up in the article, the temperament of IT means you are never done. Only when a project is a failure are you done. Having the ability to recognize failure is a skill that some project managers lack due to inflated ego. Figure A General Search Results Google Search ResultsProject ManagementAbout 691,000,000 results Project Manage ment CareersAbout 138,000,000 results Project Portfolio ManagementAbout 84,200,000 result Information Technology Project ManagementAbout 190,000,000 results http//www. nformationweek. com/global-cio/interviews/leaving-it-4-job-options-for-frustrated/232900489? queryText=project%20management http//www. informationweek. com/global-cio/personnel/project-management-is-finally-getting-re/227800091? queryText=project%20management http//www. informationweek. com/software/project-management-gets-lean/232600005? printer_friendly=this-page http//www. google. com/trends/exploreq=project%20management%20jobs%2C%20Information%20Technology%20Project%20Managementcmpt=q

The Role Played by Socialisation in Shaping Human Behaviour Has Been Overstated.’ Assess This Claim

Common sources of de triggerure Conflict is an necessary part of human relationships. Where commitment to mission and long hours with minimal resources intersect, nonprofit lap upplaces mountain be overriding with encounter interchanges. Conflict washbasinister arise from managing differing perspectives and seemingly inharmonious concerns. If we can accept it as a instinctive part of our emotional landscape, it can be easier to work with than if we expect (or wish ) conflict to fly and never resurface.As a manager, it is important to be able to identify and to downstairsstand the varying levels of conflicts and how these levels are manifested in disparate ways. An archaeozoic sign of conflict is that nagging feeling or tension you feel, indicating that nearthing is brewing under the surface. assume attention to non-verbal behaviours such as crossed-arms, eyes lowered or someone sitting back end or away from you or the group. These signs can provide you with importa nt information about your current power and can help you in assessing your next steps.If these signs are not dealt with in a sniply manner, this sense datum of fear can shift to an different level of conflict and can be manifested more at attest with resistor and conviction. This aspect of conflict is finished in more depth in the sections below. More often propagation than not, these early warning signs are a part of a larger web of dynamics present in your organization. As part of our analysis, it is helpful to understand the source of potential conflict. Below are some leafy vegetable sources of conflict Conflict type Description Values conflict Involves incompatibility of preferences, principles and practices that people study in such as religion, ethics or politics. Power conflict Occurs when each party wishes to economize or maximize the amount of influence that it exerts in the relationship and the social setting such as in a decision making process. Economic conflict Involves competing to attain scarce resources such as monetary or human resources. Inter soulfulnessal conflict Occurs when 2 people or more bemuse incompatible of necessity, objects, or approaches in their relationship such as different communication or work manners. organisational conflict Involves inequalities in the organizational chart and how employees report to one an otherwise. Environmental conflict Involves foreign pressures distant of the organization such as a recession, a changing government, or a lavishly consumption rate. Once you know more about where the conflict stems from, you leave behind be better furnish to c only up it. A variety of factors influence when and how conflict will surface. To get the bigger picture, consider every last(predicate) the sources in a higher place before taking action.Now, we will look at the various ways in which we can answer and manage conflict. Understanding conflict hyphens A first step in transact ion with conflict is to ensnare your preferred conflict style(s) and subsequently, learn how to manage a variety of situations using different approaches. These styles come two basic dimensions Assertiveness, which relates to behaviours intended to assemble ones own concerns. This dimension is also correlated to attaining ones tendencys, Cooperativeness, which relates to behaviours intended to converge the other individuals concerns.This dimension can also be tracked as being concerned with relationships. A conspiracy of these dimensions results in five conflict behaviours 1. Competing 2. Accommodating 3. Avoiding 4. Collaborating 5. Compromising Each style is appropriate in incident contexts and learning how to be strategic when approaching conflict is ideal. Accommodating The accommodating style is timid and cooperative. The destruction of this stance is to yield. Typically a person using this conflict stylus neglects his or her needs to action the concerns of the othe r person.There is an element of self-sacrifice and this stance is concerned with preserving the relationship versus attaining goals. The mode is also cognise as an appeasement or smoothing style and is the reversion of competing. Competing The Competing style is a power-oriented mode that is high in bumptiousness and low in cooperativeness. The goal of this stance is to win. In this mode the individual aims to track ones order of business at anothers expense. This may mean standing up for ones needs, defending a cherished position and/or only if trying to win. The goal is deemed very important.This style is also referred to as a forcing or ascendent style. Avoiding The avoiding style is two un assertive and uncooperative. The goal of this stance is to delay. In this mode an individual does not this instant pursue his or her concerns or those of another. There is indifference to the outcome to the issue and the relationship and the person withdraws or postpones dealing wit h the conflict. This style can provide a needed respite from the situation or it can heat up things if the issue keeps being pushed aside. This mode is also known as flight. CollaborateThe collaborating style is both assertive and cooperative. The goal of this stance is to find a win-win situation. Typically this mode is concerned with finding creative resolvents to issues that satisfy both individuals concerns. Learning, listening and attending to both the organizational and personal issues are addressed with this conflict style. It takes clip and effort. This mode is also known as a problem solving or integrative style and it is the opposite of avoiding. Compromise The compromising style lands one right in the middle of being assertive and cooperative.The goal of this stance is to find a quick middle ground. Parties find an expedient, mutually acceptable solution by having each person give up something and split the difference. This mode is also known as sharing. traffic with arduous people When working in a group, there may be times when you will fill to work with a baffling person. Often times, this person is not aware of his or her impingement on the group or the implications of his or her actions on others. Depending on the perspective, everyone has been viewed at one time or another, as a difficult person.Everybody has the capacity to be both productive and problematic in the workplace. It is all in how you view the situation. With a simple change in perspective, your experience with a difficult person can change from a situation that is happening to you to a possibly enriching learning experience. If you are experiencing a strong reaction to another person, there are two elements you need to consider you and the other person. First, scratching with yourself. It is essential to understand why you are reacting to that person and the possible strategies you can use to address the situation.For example, a preferred conflict style can be exacerbate d by a particular system of communication. If you have a tendency to avoid conflicts, are emails the only way you solve issues at the delegacy? Or do you find yourself saying things on email that you would never say in person. many another(prenominal) of us can hide behind our computers or take on a bolder, more competitive persona. In essence, change your behaviour to work effectively with someone. There are many ways in which to relegate with your colleagues face to face meetings, phone calls, e-mails, video conferencing etc. he possibilities are limitless. When working with a difficult person, begin to locate the problem inside yourself. Dr. Ronald Short, in his book, Learning in Relationship, states The impact someone has on us (feeling and thoughts we have inside) is our responsibility. To understand impact, we need to look at ourselves not judge others (1998). Remember, as a rule (and this is easier said than done), try not to take things personally. Nothing others do i s because of you. What others say and do is a direct reflection of what is happening inside of this person.The Role Played by Socialisation in Shaping Human Behaviour Has Been Overstated. Assess This ClaimCommon sources of conflict Conflict is an inevitable part of human relationships. Where commitment to mission and long hours with minimal resources intersect, nonprofit workplaces can be rife with conflict interchanges. Conflict can arise from managing differing perspectives and seemingly incompatible concerns. If we can accept it as a natural part of our emotional landscape, it can be easier to work with than if we expect (or wish ) conflict to disappear and never resurface.As a manager, it is important to be able to identify and to understand the varying levels of conflicts and how these levels are manifested in different ways. An early sign of conflict is that nagging feeling or tension you feel, indicating that something is brewing under the surface. Pay attention to non-verba l behaviours such as crossed-arms, eyes lowered or someone sitting back or away from you or the group. These signs can provide you with important information about your current situation and can help you in assessing your next steps.If these signs are not dealt with in a timely manner, this sense of apprehension can shift to another level of conflict and can be manifested more directly with opposition and conviction. This aspect of conflict is addressed in more depth in the sections below. More often than not, these early warning signs are a part of a larger web of dynamics present in your organization. As part of our analysis, it is helpful to understand the source of potential conflict. Below are some common sources of conflict Conflict type Description Values conflict Involves incompatibility of preferences, principles and practices that people believe in such as religion, ethics or politics. Power conflict Occurs when each party wishes to maintain or maximize the amount of in fluence that it exerts in the relationship and the social setting such as in a decision making process. Economic conflict Involves competing to attain scarce resources such as monetary or human resources. Interpersonal conflict Occurs when two people or more have incompatible needs, goals, or approaches in their relationship such as different communication or work styles. Organizational conflict Involves inequalities in the organizational chart and how employees report to one another. Environmental conflict Involves external pressures outside of the organization such as a recession, a changing government, or a high employment rate. Once you know more about where the conflict stems from, you will be better equipped to address it. A variety of factors influence when and how conflict will surface. To get the bigger picture, consider all the sources above before taking action.Now, we will look at the various ways in which we can respond and manage conflict. Understanding conflic t styles A first step in dealing with conflict is to discover your preferred conflict style(s) and subsequently, learn how to manage a variety of situations using different approaches. These styles have two basic dimensions Assertiveness, which relates to behaviours intended to satisfy ones own concerns. This dimension is also correlated to attaining ones goals, Cooperativeness, which relates to behaviours intended to satisfy the other individuals concerns.This dimension can also be tracked as being concerned with relationships. A combination of these dimensions results in five conflict behaviours 1. Competing 2. Accommodating 3. Avoiding 4. Collaborating 5. Compromising Each style is appropriate in particular contexts and learning how to be strategic when approaching conflict is ideal. Accommodating The accommodating style is unassertive and cooperative. The goal of this stance is to yield. Typically a person using this conflict mode neglects his or her needs to satisfy the conce rns of the other person.There is an element of self-sacrifice and this stance is concerned with preserving the relationship versus attaining goals. The mode is also known as an appeasement or smoothing style and is the opposite of competing. Competing The Competing style is a power-oriented mode that is high in self-assertiveness and low in cooperativeness. The goal of this stance is to win. In this mode the individual aims to pursue ones agenda at anothers expense. This may mean standing up for ones needs, defending a cherished position and/or simply trying to win. The goal is deemed very important.This style is also referred to as a forcing or dominant style. Avoiding The avoiding style is both unassertive and uncooperative. The goal of this stance is to delay. In this mode an individual does not immediately pursue his or her concerns or those of another. There is indifference to the outcome to the issue and the relationship and the person withdraws or postpones dealing with th e conflict. This style can provide a needed respite from the situation or it can inflame things if the issue keeps being pushed aside. This mode is also known as flight. CollaborateThe collaborating style is both assertive and cooperative. The goal of this stance is to find a win-win situation. Typically this mode is concerned with finding creative solutions to issues that satisfy both individuals concerns. Learning, listening and attending to both the organizational and personal issues are addressed with this conflict style. It takes time and effort. This mode is also known as a problem solving or integrative style and it is the opposite of avoiding. Compromise The compromising style lands one right in the middle of being assertive and cooperative.The goal of this stance is to find a quick middle ground. Parties find an expedient, mutually acceptable solution by having each person give up something and split the difference. This mode is also known as sharing. Dealing with difficult people When working in a group, there may be times when you will have to work with a difficult person. Often times, this person is not aware of his or her impact on the group or the implications of his or her actions on others. Depending on the perspective, everyone has been viewed at one time or another, as a difficult person.Everybody has the capacity to be both productive and problematic in the workplace. It is all in how you view the situation. With a simple change in perspective, your experience with a difficult person can change from a situation that is happening to you to a possibly enriching learning experience. If you are experiencing a strong reaction to another person, there are two elements you need to consider you and the other person. First, start with yourself. It is essential to understand why you are reacting to that person and the possible strategies you can use to address the situation.For example, a preferred conflict style can be exacerbated by a particular met hod of communication. If you have a tendency to avoid conflicts, are emails the only way you solve issues at the office? Or do you find yourself saying things on email that you would never say in person. Many of us can hide behind our computers or take on a bolder, more aggressive persona. In essence, change your behaviour to work effectively with someone. There are many ways in which to communicate with your colleagues face to face meetings, phone calls, e-mails, video conferencing etc. he possibilities are limitless. When working with a difficult person, begin to locate the problem inside yourself. Dr. Ronald Short, in his book, Learning in Relationship, states The impact someone has on us (feeling and thoughts we have inside) is our responsibility. To understand impact, we need to look at ourselves not judge others (1998). Remember, as a rule (and this is easier said than done), try not to take things personally. Nothing others do is because of you. What others say and do is a direct reflection of what is happening inside of this person.

How will future changes affect Human Resource Management Essay

IntroductionHuman Resource Manage custodyt (HRM) has become more than important to society in the past twenty years, going through and through roughly repositions already. But how go disclose it adapt in the proximo. What ar the predictions for the future and how entrust HRM cope? The forthcoming document analyses the history of HRM, predicts what go forth happen in the future of employment and the changes that HRM entrust have to con boldnessr to be able to keep functioning.The History of HRMAccording to agreeable (Online), military force Management has been around since the early 1920s but mainly just to support employees and withal keep them a carriage from being part of unions as it wasnt in the companys occupy to encourage unions then. It was the 1960s where Personnel Management started to get recognised slightly more, at this time it was however being c all(prenominal)ed Personnel Management. This changed in mid 1980s when Personnel Management started to be seen as something that is very important to a company. The image of Personnel Management got given a baptismal font-lift and was now referred to as Human Resource Management or HRM. The reasons for this being that the powers of the trade unions were decaying slowly. Staff functions also began to change with more technology being introduced, which introduced the start of HRM (Mullins, 1999)Personnel Management was recognised on a low level before the introduction of HRM, but ease had a part to play in the negotiations of machinery in the 1960s and 1970s.The introduction of HRM brought around legion(predicate) questions about the similarities and differences between HRM and personnel management. The main differences atomic number 18 stated that Personnel Management is an employee centred activity including more opinions than facts, and that HRM is a resource centred activity with more supply, supervise and control.Functions of HRMThe HRM department varies from memorial add-int to organisation. But there be some specialised tasks that need to be completed by all organisation. Some organisations are just too small to have a separate HRM department, but they still need to complete these specific tasks by whichever means.All organisations have to recruit employees by going through the recruitment and selection move. Larger organisations will have specific guidelines by which they follow to complete this process some smaller companies may not have these guidelines, but they still have to abide by the law.Any staff that are employed need to be trained in their argumentation with compliance to any laws relating to the role. Larger companies will offer a development plan to run along side the culture, but even smaller companies need to train staff. The HRM function in the company adheres to any statute law set by the Government.All organisations must have a motivation and reward scheme or the employee turnover will be high as everyone has needs, whether it is basic or amicable needs.Employee records need to be maintained in accordance with the data protection act. If things are not kept legal in the organisation then it will be in trouble. The HRM department/function sees that everything operates correctly.Specific HRM departments looks after the employees and their eudaimonia in the organisation, taking care of wages and dealing with personal unveils that may arise with particular employees. Although many line managers will carry out much(prenominal) functions in smaller organisations.Predictions for the future and how it will feign HRMHRM has come along way over the years. Since the 1980s there has been a significant but slack change from Personnel management to HRM, being recognised as something that is becoming more important to organisations. With many people not joining unions and expecting more care from companies, it is something that had to happen to keep good relations.The key issues to hold forth are the acceleration of technology and substructureworkers having an affect on HRM in the future. Such issues such as outsourcing, planning and future attitudes also need to be considered.The future is always hard to predict but an issue that is becoming obvious is that technology will play a huge part of what is to come. The net profit and estimator technology is moving very fast, one business year is seven Internet years consort to Dr Patrick Dixon (online). With workth corresponding this, the Internet will be a backbone for society before long.In 2000 62% of all businesses functioned with Internet access as table 1.1 shows in Appendix 1. This demonstrates how important the Internet has become to businesses and the way they operate. 50% of businesses in the UK have their own web site now as well, so only 12% of the businesses with Internet access dont choose to have a web site. Having a web site catches an another(prenominal) corner of the market and makes a company grow considerably, this woul d allow employees to work from plaza and brings lower costs for the businesses.E-Commerce is beginning to take off as table 1.3 shows in Appendix 1, 16% of businesses trade in this way over the Internet. E-Commerce is quite a cutting concept and the fact that 16% of businesses trade this way already is shocking.Since 1999, table 1.4 on Appendix 1 shows that the supply of ICT products has escalated by 150%. This is a very clear indication that technology is growing at a very high speed. therefore the future of HRM will have to work around this and face the facts that with the lower costs for businesses and job losses HRM will have to seriously change the way trading operations are conducted. The question is where do they start making changes. Perhaps an Internet based solution could be planed and trailed, but part of HRM is face-to-face communication with employees, which is also something else that will need to be considered when bringing in any changes.Home and work integration is already starting with 0.7% of the population in 1996 working(a) from bag (Appendix 2a), this figure is practically unchanged from 1996 with the 2000 figure being the same.But in 2001 there are some significant bringings, the figure not being vastly different from the above but, as the Office of case Statistics states (Appendix 2b),Homeworking is well-nigh common among women, but among men it is the associate professional and technical occupations where homeworking is most common. Office of national Statistics (Online)This means if technology keeps progressing like it is today, more and more people will work from home. As most men that are homeworking have professional and technical occupations, the growth of technology keeps the introductions firmly opened for men to easily work from home (Appendix 2b). The impact on HRM is huge, it will have to keep up with this and find a way to be able to carry on functioning. But with homeworkers, if they are located all around the cou n tense up, communication is hard. HRM may have to become like door-to-door salesman, having HRM translators knocking on employees door for a review.Some organisations are already predicting this in the future and have taken certain measures to try and either delay or combat the problem. For example Google, ironically an Internet based company, keep their workers on-the-scene(prenominal) and have brought in excellent benefits for employees, a few examples being a free gourmet luncheon five days a week and a doctor, dentist and massage therapists on-site (Google job opportunities, 2004)In the past employers have been thinking of schemes to try and boost the company and its profits, but before long schemes will have to be brought in to retain and motivate employees. Employees are the way of the future whether they work from home or stay on-site. On-site workers will need an incentive to stay on-site and home workers will need support with the issues that arise from homeworking such as motivation, friendship and fulfilment. Has Google set the trend for the future?There are other issues that have to be considered such as outsourcing, planning, and future attitudes.Outsourcing, according to Deloitte Research (Appendix 3), by 2008 will have two million financial service jobs moved to India, as it is cheaper for companies to locate there. If other companies follow the trend that financial services has started, lower paid jobs may become reduced to a minimum in the UK leaving unemployment at an all time high. HRM will be cut in this case and only used in the higher paid jobs. Another alternative for HRM is being told by employers to still look after branches in India. How will this be achieved? Perhaps Video Conferencing or move for many workers is an option.If more people are having to think about highly paid jobs in the future, things such as friends and family may have to become very planned out for people. The society we live in may become false with everyone f ocused on getting a job leaving things in our lives, such as finding friends, being all about getting into a certain job. HRM employees will have to be very careful they may find they are finding many new friends that are very interested in where they work. HRM will have to become a very ladened profession to go into, everything being planned to the fine detail, even perhaps who your friends can or cannot be. prox Attitudes will pave out a lot of what the future will be like. Some jobs may become redundant if no one in the future wants to do it. What will happen when four-year-old workers cannot get onto the house ladder? Many people now work to support their family and cannot afford to go steady a job, will workers of the future feel the same, if they have no house and no young family, what will attitudes be like? How will the HRM department stop young workers from leaving and moving from job to job? How will HRM try and get employees to have company loyalty. These are issues t o be addressed for the future if social attitudes hit an all time low.The effect of these changes on traditional HRM functionsIf people will be working from home the whole recruitment and selection process will have to change. Perhaps a home visit interview will have to be deliberated by companies to find the correct candidates. How will training be issued and measured? Possibly by post, email or web site even. Will HRM representative have to go to employees houses to deliver a training package? HRM will have to analyze what would be the most effective measure.How can HRM deliver motivation to a self-motivated homeworker? There is no way possible that HRM can motivate homeworkers when they work at home on their own all day. A homeworker just have to motivate themselves, but HRM can think of social activities designed to get homeworkers out of the house and perhaps targets that they get rewards for.Personal issues and employee welfare will be the hardest thing to monitor. If the HRM department are not getting to know employees through the work placement, they do not know what this person is like which makes it harder to get to know them let alone assess their needs.ConclusionHRM will face many problems of how they are going to plan and organise people in the company, facing difficulties of how and where people are working and monitoring this. As HRM is also responsible for employee well-being, but without being in a specific work place more issues of motivation, friendship, respect and fulfilment will have to be addressed and dealt with in a specific manner. If the predictions come true HRM will be under a lot of stress to completely change over the next few years. The operations they undertake from day to day will have to be managed in such a way it incorporates every eventuality.

Amanda Cross and the Female Sleuth

Merriam-Webster dictionary defines sleuth as a receive word for sleuthhound or detective who follows a trail to uncover a whodunit story, crime or dark variable. In literature closed book is defined as a distinct subgenre of detective assembly in which an unknown event, a good deal a disappearance or murder, causes the stories hero, or main character in the story, to solve the crime or mystery. Mysteries do non require crimes or the assistance of law enforce custodyt as the harsh detective simile or whodunit but they do de pend on an unknown variable that the hotshot moldiness determine, (NationMaster, 2003).Mystery fiction is non a natural genre of story telling. end-to-end time bit has been interested in solving the riddles of livelihood. So a good deal so that in that location is solid evidence to indicate that civilization has enjoyed a good mystery as far-off back as Ancient Egypt and Greece. However, it was Edgar Allan Poe and his first published story The Murders in the Rue mortuary published in the mid-nineteenth cytosine that made mystery fiction the popular brand of new(a) it is today. The Murder in the Rue Morgue first appeared in Grahams Magazine, (Mystery Ne iirk, n. d. ). by and by Poe there have been a material body of influential mystery writers including Wilkie Collins, also known as the father of the mystery, and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, the Scottish author of the Sherlock Holmes series. Sherlock Holmes is not not boardhstanding one of the approximately widely known mystery series but is also considered to be the most famous literary figures in history, (Mystery Net construct). Holmes was first introduced to subscribers in The Strand Magazine when they published the story A Study in Scarlet. Edward Stratemeyer, the author of some(prenominal) the Hardy Boys and Nancy Drew series of insubstantial mysteries, Carolyn Keene and Agatha Christie.Amanda Cross is a twentieth century mystery writer who contributed much to the genre. Her semi-feminist voice trans cast of charactersed the common sleuth from a run-of-mill underground detective into a strong willed female literature professor. Cross, who was struggling with sex activity equality issues at the University of recent York, was tired of the tried and true mystery novels that were being produced a-dime-a-dozen. She set bulge to produce mysteries are intelligent and contain a role model worthy protagonist. Cross is the pen name of Carolyn Heilbrun.Her first novel, In the go bad Analysis, features Kate Fansler, the female sleuth featured in a 14 book series. Fansler is a witty and highly educated literature professor at the prestigious tonic York University and the majority of her adventures are set against an academic background. Fansler, as opposed to traditional detectives, solves the crime through interviews and conversations with those involved. around of the mysteries involve the death of either a student or professor and it is up to Fansler to solve the crime. In The destruction Analysis, Fansler recommends Janet Harrison see psychoanalyst Dr. Emmanuel Bauer.Bauer is a friend and former lover of Fanslers. However, shortly after scratch line sessions with Bauer, Harrison is found shot to death on his couch. Fansler is on the case to prove that her friend is innocent. However, Harrison has led an knobbed life in which she has very few friends or acquaintances, making it hard for Fansler to track down a possible killer. However, Fanslers knowledge of Freudian concepts and her personal integrity helps her to catch the killer. Although Heilbrun strays from the norm her first novel is veritable(prenominal) of an amateur-detective mystery. Fansler knows a crime has been committed.She seeks learning pertinent to the case by following leads and seeking information from those involved. Fansler then comes up with a theory intimately what happens, which proves to be correct. Also typical is the item that the prot agonist is a strong female character. Through egress Heilbruns novels Fansler is portrayed as strong independent cleaning lady, much like Heilbrun. She enjoys eating and drinking and marries later in life. Fansler differs from a majority of female protagonists in mystery fictions because she solves the mystery through Freudian analysis and personal interviews.This is a mystery of the mind in which Fansler does not have forcible clues that lead her to find the real killer. Other mystery writers have used female protagonists as soundly. Contemporary author Nevada Barr features the female protagonist Anna Pigeon, a national park ranger who leads the reader through various adventures in the backcountry solving mysterious deaths. Pigeon is equal to Fansler in the sense that they are both independent modern women. They are both professionals who solve mysteries deep down the backdrop of their chosen profession.Pigeon and Fansler both recreate strong female characters. Yet, Pigeon rep resents a more traditional character in modern mystery fiction since she follows a trail of clues left behind by the murders as opposed to using literary and psychoanalytic clues to solve the mystery. Similarly good known mystery writer Sue Grafton began her alphabetical mystery series with A is for Alibi. In her mystery fiction protagonist Kinsey Malone represents a cour senesceous and sassy female secluded eye. Grafton too takes a more traditional approach by utilizing a private investigator as the main character.Others authors such as Sandra de Helen utilize logic and facts to solve mysteries as opposed to following corporal clues. De Helens novel The Hounding features two female detectives Shirley Combs and Mrs. Mary Watson. De Helen has a series planned surrounding the two who is in some way tie in to Sherlock Holms and his assistant Watkins and they solve crimes similarly. These characters all follow typical mystery genre traditions. But not all mystery writers follow tra dition. Sue Grafton, a advantageously known mystery writer, started an alphabetical mystery series in which murders are solved by a female feline and a small dog.Grafton strays away far from tradition with characters but stays within the realm with the practices that her characters use to unravel the crimes. Different writers use different methods of crime solving as well as types of characters. However, there is a pattern of female mystery writers creating professional and strong female protagonists. some of the main characters in modern mystery writers today have had to overcome obstacles in a male-dominated man. They often face gender discrimination or stereotypical peers that create obstacles that must be overcome.For example, Ellen Godfreys protagonist Jane Tregar is broken and feisty. Tregar, a professional working in a search firm, has had to battle her way up the in mergedd ladder to a senior position in an executive firm. She utilizes technical know-how to uncover info rmation and corporate savvy to survive her male peers and their scrutiny as well as solve mysteries and be boffo in the male-dominated business world. Another modern author Sara Paretsky, currently extremely popular with mystery readers, has created the protagonist V. I. Warshawski.Warshawski broke ground as the first female in an all male dominated world of the suicidal back streets of Chicago. Warshawski proves that women can be tough and sensitive and that physical difference between men and women do not mean that women are not capable of performing well in dangerous situations. In the Last Analysis, Fansler fully understands the plight of women within the world of academia. Kate was startled by Professor Anderson, who was an eighteenth-century man with a strong distaste for all female writers since Jane Austen (Cross, 2001, p. 3). This is a common war in the literary department. Literature has been male dominated for a number of years. This is caused in large by the fact that women were not taught to read or write for centuries. However, as women have begun to take their seat at the head of incline departments across the nation male peers may scoff. There is a large portion of male literary enthusiast who tries to minimize the female impact on literature today. Heilbrun later retired early from her post at the University of New York to avoid dealing with this same type of professional peer.But gender discrimination and differences are not the only ones that haunt Heilbrun. Age also seems to be a factor. Heilbrun laments that her students are young and full of life and the longing for their own futures. However, as a professor years goes by and nothing changes. Spring on an American campus, even an Urban a campus as this one, inevitably drove the faculty into a modal value of lassitude, irritation and fastidiousness. Perhaps it is because we are getting old, while the students, like the Caesars crowds on Appian Way, are of all time the same age.Gazing at the students who sprawled or made love on every patch of available grass, Kate longed, as she did every spring for a statelier, less untidy era, (Cross, 2001, p. 3). Heilbrun used Fansler to express her own apprehensions about senescence as well as the endless cycle of youth that professors endure each college enrollment period. Heilbrun did not reveal her herself as the author of the Amanda Heilbrun mysteries until she was offered tenure at the University due to her fear of criticism from her peers and having her literary work interfere with her academic work.However, age criticism may have also been a concern. The topic of age is transcendent in Heilbruns mysteries. Fansler is already in her forties at the start of In the Last Analysis and has never been married nor does she have children. Although latter in the series she does marry she has no concerns about being a home hastenr or playing into any other typical stereotypes of women. In fact Fansler, although discreet, has a number of lovers. The idea of the woman as a non-maternal figure breaks social traditions. But the principal(a) social concern of In the Last Analysis surrounds professional ethics and human integrity.Throughout Heilbruns series there are two main characters, Fansler and her friend and future husband Reed Amhearst. Fansler is old-fashion yet she has a penchant for martinis and she comes from a background of wealthy parents to supplement her teachers salary. This is convenient since she does not seem to work much as she uncovers her friends innocence. As she tries to prove her friends innocence she solicits the help of Amhearst, an attorney, who goes out of his way to help Fansler and repay her a favor. Amhearst is portrayed as Fanslers love interest and a protect figure.Throughout the book, In the Last Analysis, Amhearst tries to caution the headstrong Fansler who gets involved despite his warnings. Fansler even goes so far as to put her reputation and career on the line to prov e that Bauer, her friend, is innocent. Her old-fashion sensibilities coupled with a rash and courageous manner makes Fansler a great candidate to become an amateur sleuth and enforce the idea of human integrity. There are several other examples of human integrity in the book as characters assist Fansler in solving the case. Heilbruns novels have been successful overall.However, she was criticized. Especially for her first book, In the Last Analysis, in which it is obvious that Heilbrun has yet to fine tune her technique. Although professional news agencies such as The New York Times had positive reviews a number of readers felt Heilbrun tried to hard to present Fansler as voguish and independent. Thus she came across as being pretentious. However, after her first novel the series gained in popularity in part due to the fact that her subsequent novels take place within the world of academia and Fanslers character can put her intellect to better use.In conclusion, Heilbrun has made a significant contribution to the mystery fiction genre. She is the first mystery writer to create a mystery in which the crime must be solved using conversations and analytical skills as opposed to physical clues and traditional evidence. Heilbrun also sets the peak for female authors who create strong and independent protagonists that break the mold of female stereotypes. In keeping with more other female authors Heilbruns female protagonists are working in a professional region despite gender inequalities.Throughout In the Last Analysis and other Heilbrun novels there are overtones of age related issues as well as gender differences within the world of academics. Both may reflect challenges that Heilbrun has face as a Professor at the University of New York. Heilbrun utilizes a common amateur-detective mystery technique yet she strays from the norm by implementing psychoanalytical methods of solving the crime as opposed to relying entirely on physical clues.In addition to conc erns about professional ethics, specifically within the medical field in which patient-client relationships come into question, there is a predominant theme of personal integrity. Integrity is often displayed throughout the novel in the form of personal favors and characters taking risks for each other. Fansler is able to solve the crime using intelligence, Freudian analysis and a little help from her friends. Variations from the common mystery novel include the use of wit and analytical strategies to solve the case as well as the protagonist being an older woman without cause to seek out marriage or family life.Heilbrun and many of her peers have chosen to expand the number of detective to include smart and professional women who are employed outside of the law enforcement or private investigation fields. Although Heilbruns protagonist is similar to the main characters in other mysteries by her peers, Heilbrun deviates by choosing to make Fansler an example of a non-traditional wo man. She is neither interested in marriage or children and has taken a number of lovers to prove her modern values despite an old-fashion background. Heilbrun paved the way for female mystery writers as well as the female protagonist.Through her popular series and the popularity of Kate Fansler a whole new genre of mystery books has evolved. These new series feature witty story lines and fast paced plots while featuring strong protagonists and often feminist views. After Heilbruns success there have been a number of other mystery writers following similar strategies including Nevada Barr, Rita Mae Brown and Sue Grafton. References Cross, A. (2001). In the Last Analysis. Fawcett. Mystery Network (n. d. ). Evolution of the mystery genre. Retrieved Dec. 27, 2008, from www. mysterynet. com NationMaster (2003). Rapid Intelligence.